The impact of a family intervention on weight loss and diet in overweight female adolescents

It is important to determine how family variables impact health behaviors associated with weight loss in adolescents. An integrated model developed from Family Systems Theory and Social Cognitive Theory provides a framework for understanding the impact of family variables including competence, cohesion, conflict, and nurturance on adolescent health behaviors related to weight loss. This study aimed to determine the effect of a psychoeducational weight loss intervention with an additional family component on weight loss and diet in overweight adolescents (BMI ≥ 95%) enrolled in PATHS (Parents and Adolescents Toward a Healthy Start) for Health, a 16-week family-based behavioral intervention for weight management. Additionally, we determined if changes in family variables from baseline to post-intervention had an effect on study outcomes. Participants were 42 female adolescents aged 12-15 years old and their parents and were randomized to one of three treatment conditions: psychoeducational + family process (PE + FP), psychoeducational (PE), or Wait-List Control (Control). The PE + FP and PE groups received the PATHS curriculum in a group format. The PE + FP group also received a family process component targeting positive support, shared decision making, and problem-solving. Family variables are measured by the Self-Report Family Inventory and include competence, conflict, cohesion, and nurturance subscales. Outcome variables included change in BMI (Body Mass Index) z-score and energy intake (calorie intake) from baseline to post-intervention. Participants in the PE group demonstrated a significant decrease in energy intake from baseline to post-intervention compared to the PE+FP and Control group. Additionally, positive changes in nurturance from baseline to post-intervention were associated with lower levels of energy intake in adolescents. These results provide preliminary support for the PATHS intervention to reduce energy intake in adolescents; however, a family process component was not a successful addition to a psychoeducational weight loss intervention in adolescents and their parents.