| Experimental results from the pulsed laser ablation of carbon resulting in the formation of carbon toroids and carbon tubular constructs are presented. The toroids in this work are compared to the carbon-based toroids (CBTs) from fullerenes reported in 2005 and the results are reported. The mechanism behind the formation of carbon toroids and carbon tubular constructs are discussed based on the evidence obtained. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) clearly identifies toroidal shaped structures as well as carbon tubular constructs.; Some preliminary/interesting results from external electric field studies as applied to carbon tubular constructs experiments are presented. Profilometer studies indicate a loss of material ejection in the ablation plume. |
