Compact Laser Driven Electron and Proton Acceleration with Low Energy Laser

Laser-driven particle accelerators offer many advantages over conventional particle accelerators. The most significant of these is the magnitude of the accelerating gradient and, consequently, the compactness of the accelerating structure. In this dissertation, experimental and computational advances in laser-based particle acceleration in three intensity regimes are presented. All mechanisms investigated herein are accessible by "tabletop" ultrashort terawatt-class laser systems found in many university labs, with the intention of making them available to more compact and high repetition rate laser systems. The first mechanism considered is the acceleration of electrons in a preformed plasma "slow-wave" guiding structure. Experimental advances in the generation of these plasma guiding structures are presented. The second mechanism is the laser-wakefield acceleration of electrons in the self-modulated regime. A high-density gas target is implemented experimentally leading to electron acceleration at low laser pulse energy. Consequences of operating in this regime are investigated numerically. The third mechanism is the acceleration of protons by a laser-generated magnetic structure. A numerical investigation is performed identifying operating regimes for experimental realizations of this mechanism. The key advances presented in this dissertation are:;• The development and demonstration of modulated plasma waveguide generation using both mechanical obstruction and an interferometric laser patterning method.;• The acceleration of electrons to MeV energy scales in a high-density hydrogen target with sub-terawatt laser pulses and the generation of bright, ultra-broadband optical pules from the interaction region.;• 3D particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations of self-modulated laser wakefield acceleration in a plasma, showing the generation of broadband radiation, and the role of "direct laser acceleration" in this regime.;• 3D PIC simulations of laser wakefield acceleration in the resonant regime, identifying spatio-temporal optical vortices in a laser-plasma system ? 3D PIC simulations of proton acceleration by magnetic vortex acceleration using TW-class laser pulses.