The Impacts Of Transport Infrastructure Improvement On Export

As a public resource,transportation infrastructure has always been regarded as an important part of the economy and plays an inestimable role in social development.The improvement of transportation infrastructure helps to release transportation capacity,shorten the distance,facilitate the flow of human and information,improve the speed of resources.The transportation infrastructure has a significant impact on the location selection of economic activities,resource flow,regional industrial structure and spatial structure adjustment.This paper focuses on the impact of transport infrastructure improvement on export.Based on the data of different level as international,regional and enterprise levels,this paper uses Bayesian Model Averaging,Heckman Two-stage Model,Difference-in-difference Model,Spatial Panel Model and other methods to carry out the research,and puts forward corresponding policy.On the basis of sorting out the relevant contents of the existing literature on the impact effect of transport infrastructure,this chapter summarizes the relationship between transport infrastructure and international trade in different perspectives,thus discussing the achievements and shortcomings of the existing research on the impact effect of transport infrastructure on international trade,which provides a basis for this study.The main contents and conclusions of this paper are as follows?First,this paper uses BMA method to analyze the impact of transport infrastructure on export scale.Based on panel data of 222 countries from 1995 to 2015,the paper examine the impact of transport infrastructure on export.The regression results show that the improvement of domestic transport infrastructure in export countries has a positive impact on export.Although there are some differences in the impact of railway and road infrastructure on the scale of export,there is still a high degree of explanation for bilateral trade.Developing countries are limited to their own backward economic development level,leading to the entry of transport infrastructure.The explanations of export are not as strong as those of developed countries,but the increase in the density of domestic transport infrastructure can still improve the level of bilateral trade.Second,this paper uses H-K method to measure the export expansion and intensive margin of each country,based on bilateral trade data of 222 countries from 1995 to 2015,and then analyses the impact of traffic infrastructure on them.The regression results based on the dynamic panel model show that the improvement of transport infrastructure can significantly promote the bilateral growth of export expansion margin and intensive margin,which has a positive effect on the export scale of a country.However,after considering industry heterogeneity and country heterogeneity,there are some differences in the impact of transport infrastructure on export binary margin,which is mainly reflected in the intensive margin of export,while the impact is still mainly positive on expansion margin.Third,this paper mainly studies the impact of transport infrastructure on exports sophistication.The Exports sophistication is one important topic in the vertical trade theory,and there are many factors affecting the country's exports sophistication.However,the research analyzing the impacts of the transport infrastructure on the exports sophistication is rare.This chapter examines variations in level of exports sophistication across 176 countries manufacturing industries.This chapter find that the exports sophistication is positively related to the transport infrastructure.Moreover,the quality improvement of transport infrastructure has a negative impact on the exports sophistication of labor intensive industries,but increases the exportssophistication of capital intensive and technology intensive industries.Fouth,this paper focuses on the spatial spillover effect of transport infrastructure on export.Based on the data of 30 provinces in China from 1999 to 2014,the impact of transport infrastructure on export is studied by spatial econometric model.The regression results show that the distribution of transportation infrastructure in each province is relatively,showing a positive spatial correlation,and the provinces with high trade share and high traffic infrastructure density in China have a high overlap,indicating that transportation infrastructure has a spatial spillover effect on international trade.In addition,the effect of transport infrastructure on export is different in different regions.Especially after cutting off the link with the eastern and western regions,the trade effect in the central region decreases significantly,and the spatial spillover effect of transport infrastructure on export should not be neglected.Fifth,this paper turns the research perspective to micro-enterprises.Railway speed-up is taken as the proxy variable of the improvement of transport infrastructure to study the impact of transport infrastructure on the export behavior of enterprises.The Heckman two-stage model is used to construct the selection equation and export equation.It is found that railway speed-up can not only promote the export participation of enterprises,but also promote the marginal growth of expansion.It can also promote the expansion of export scale of enterprises,which is expressed as the marginal growth of export intensity,that is,railway speed-up has positive effect on the export behavior of enterprises.However,after distinguishing regional heterogeneity,enterprise heterogeneity and industry heterogeneity,the conclusions are slightly different,which indicates that railway speed-up has a different impact on the export behavior of heterogeneous enterprises.In terms of policy suggestions,this paper points out that when China's open economy moves towards a high-quality stage of development,it can promote the interconnection between China and cooperation countries,as well as between different regions in China,and connect the key nodes needed for export,so as to promote the expansion and intensive margin of exports,thereby promoting the upgrading of domestic high-tech industries.It also promotes the technological progress of related industries in China and promotes the upgrading of industrial structure.At the same time,should try best to avoid duplicate construction and focus on the dredging of key nodes,especially to promote the continuous extension of land transportation network to the underdeveloped areas in the central and western regions.