Study On Measurement And Structure Of Regional Symbiosis System Of Tourist Destinations

Symbiosis is a new perspective to examine the spatial relationship among tourist destinations.It is one of the main research contents in Tourism Geography to effectively identify the symbiotic units,scientifically measure the quality of the symbiotic units,quantify the symbiotic attraction between tourism destinations,and reveal the structural characteristics of regional symbiosis system of tourist destinations.It is also the scientific basis to promote the coordinated development of regional tourism.Multi-source data was collected by means of large data crawler and field survey in this study.Based on the mixed research paradigm of the combination of quality and quantity,this paper adopts Spatial Quantitative Analysis,Regression Model,Social Network Analysis to study the symbiosis system of tourist destinations in Western Hunan from the perspective of spatial interaction.The main findings and conclusions of this study are mainly as follows:?1?The key constraints of symbiotic units in tourist destinations lie in symbiotic distance,symbiotic interface and symbiotic potential.The three conditions that the symbiotic unit must meet include:there is at least one potential symbiotic partner within the effective symbiotic distance;active in the designated symbiotic interface;shows obvious symbiotic potential with internal members.There are 114 symbiotic units of tourist destinations in Western Hunan,showing aggregated and centripetal characteristics of multi-core coexistence and sporadic distribution.It's obvious to diffuse eastward in the north-south direction and shows the trend of the circle layer change that increase in wave at first,then decline and rise at final.?2?The quality of symbiosis unit determines the degree to which its symbiotic development needs are satisfied and represents the sum of its characteristics and capabilities that are conducive to the realization of symbiotic development.The evaluation indexes were selected from the two aspects of tourism economic scale and tourism symbiotic conditions,and the weights were determined based on the degree of differentiation of the indexes.The results show that the overall quality of symbiosis units in Western Hunan is relatively low,showing a trend of spatial differentiation that north is higher than south,as well as a pyramid-like hierarchical structure.Furthermore several locality-based high-value clusters exited in the Wulingyuan-Tianmenshan mass and the area with the ancient city of phoenix as the core.?3?Based on the theory of spatial interaction,the negative exponential Wilson gravity model was used as the matrix model to develop the symbiotic gravitation model of tourism destinations.The results show that the symbiotic gravity presents an obvious negative exponential distance decay law,and the spatial damping constraint is at the level of 10^-2.The level of symbiotic gravity in western Hunan is relatively high.While the symbiotic gravity between tourism destinations at the prefecture level shows a gradient pattern of“Zhangjiajie>Xiangxi State>Huaihua”,and the obvious"multi polar coexistence"pattern exits at the county scale.The symbiotic gravity in Western Hunan is obviously concentrated,the symbiosis in the city is significantly higher than that in the intercity,and the symbiosis in the county is active,and the symbiosis in Xiangxi State and Zhangjiajie is obvious.The symbiotic spaces of Zhangjiajie-Xiangxi and Xiangxi-Huaihua belong to the potential space of the second gradient,and the potential of the cross-city symbiosis space of Zhangjiajie-Huaihua is obviously insufficient.?4?The symbiotic network of tourism destinations in western Hunan has a total of 114 nodes and 1993 edges.On the whole,the symbiotic network density is on the low side,and the high value center nodes are concentrated in Xiangxi State.A multi-level internal subgroup structure exits in Western Hunan.The first level includes 114 symbiotic element nodes.The second level can be divided into 7 major secondary subgroups:Western Zhangjiajie symbiotic secondary subgroup,Eastern Zhangjiajie symbiotic secondary subgroup,Yongshun symbiotic secondary subgroup,Jishou-Fenghuang-Yuanling symbiotic secondary subgroup,Fenghuang-Huaihua symbiotic secondary subgroup,Southern Huaihua symbiotic secondary subgroup and Eastern Huaihua symbiotic secondary subgroup.The third level forms four major subgroups:Zhangjiajie tourism symbiotic subgroup,Northern Xiangxi tourism symbiotic subgroup,Xiangxi-Huaihua tourism symbiotic subgroup and Huaihua tourism symbiotic subgroup.The symbiotic network in western Hunan shows obvious characteristics of"core-edge"spatial structure.The core includes Wulingyuan,Tianmen Mountain,Huanglong Cave,the Grand Canyon of Zhangjiajie,Xibu Street,Baofeng Lake.?5?The symbiotic network of tourist destinations in Western Hunan has the characteristics of spatial agglomeration and clear subgroup structure,showing the characteristics of core radiation symbiosis and adjacent symbiosis and preferential symbiosis between nodes.The phenomenon of symbiotic spatial polarization of tourist destinations in western Hunan is obvious,and the hierarchical symbiotic circles have appeared around the core of Tianmen Mountain,Wulingyuan,Aizhai Bridge,Fenghuang Ancient City,Yutou Dong nationality village group.The symbiotic network of tourist destinations in Western Hunan obeys the power law distribution,has obvious scale-free characteristics,and also presents the typical characteristics of"small world network".The main contributions of this study includes the following three aspects:?1?Following the research thread of"Theoretical Analysis-Object Identifi-cation-Quality Evaluation-Relation Measure-Network Feature Quantification",this paper tries to build a methodology system for measuring regional symbiosis system of tourist destinations,which enriches the theory and method of regional tourism research.?2?The identification path of tourism destination symbiosis unit is designed;the quality evaluation system of symbiosis unit is constructed;the symbiosis gravity model for tourist destinations is developed.The innovative quantitative tool of symbiosis relationship between tourist destinations has come into being.It is helpful to expand the depth and accuracy of the research on the spatial relationship of tourist destinations.?3?With the help of big data to solve the problem of lack of official data of tourist flow between tourist destinations,it provides a new perspective for the study of symbiosis of tourist destinations and the interactive relationship between tourist destinations.