Study On The Mechanism Of Land-Added Benefit Sharing By Land-Expropriated Farmers

After "new urbanization" being proposed in 2007,the agricultural transfer population including urbanization issue of land expropriated farmers has attracted much attention of scholars.As the most important resources and assets of farmers,land should act as the source of funds during farmers’ urbanization.However,under the current land acquisition system,it has been an indisputable fact that farmers share only a little land value-added income.Take Jiangsu Province for example,the average price of land transfer raised up to 1.147 million yuan per mu in 2014,but the land acquisition compensation farmers obtained was less than 50,000 yuan per mu.The ideology of "establishing a reasonable sharing mechanism of public resource transfer income" was first put forward in the government work report in 2012.In this field,the contradictory lied in the land resources transfer proceeds most.In fact,not only the transfer income,all incomes of the public resources should be shared in the whole people.The eighteenth report required clearly to "reform the land acquisition system to improve the farmers’ ratio in the land value-added income distribution".The Central No.1 document in 2015 also emphasized the necessity to"establish the distribution mechanism of land value-added income in consideration of national,collective and individual interests,and increase personal income reasonably."Therefore,how to re-examine the distribution of land value-added income in the conversion of agricultural land,especially how the land-expropriated farmers could participate in land value-added income sharing is worthy of our thinking.Before breaking the existing pattern of land value-added income distribution,or making land-expropriated farmers participate in land value-added income sharing,we need to clear out the following questions:①What is the theoretical basis for land-expropriated farmers to share land value-added income?②What is the reasonable scale for them to share land value-added income?③How to construct an effective mechanism to ensure land-expropriated farmers’ interests?Despite a lot of research carried out by different scholars,many theoretical studies on landless farmers’ participation in land value-added income still remained in the level of "fair" and "justice",and most of the researches only had a general proposal that we should increase the proportion of land acquisition farmers to share land value-added income.While nobody did a further quantitative analysis on what extend should be increased to.On the basis of the existing researches,this paper first theoretically studied the internal mechanism of land-expropriated farmers participating in the sharing of land value-added income,and then analyzed the status quo and existing problems of land value-added income under the current institutional arrangement based on the perspective of farmers’ satisfaction,to provide theoretical basis and practical support for land-expropriated farmers in sharing the value-added income.Based on this,taking the Suqian City of Jiangsu Province as an example,we conducted an empirical test of the theoretical sharing model constructed in part of the theoretical analysis,to measure the reasonable scale of land value-added income shared by land-expropriated farmers.Finally,in order to achieve the sharing,this paper selected typical cases that consider the land development rights of land-expropriated farmers,and built an index system to evaluate the main practices of the case-based areas in protecting land-requisitioned farmers to share the land value-added income.Based on the experience of practical reforms,we explored a viable path for increasing the land value-added income of land-requisitioned farmers,and then construct a series of effective mechanisms to ensure that land-expropriated farmers can truly share the land value-added income.The research is as follows:(1)Take a theoretical analysis of land-expropriated farmers sharing the land-added income.Mainly from two aspects:first,the connotation of land value-added income sharing;second,analyze the inherent mechanism of land-expropriated farmers participating in land value-added income sharing.Firstly,the theory of land rent is used to reveal the formation mechanism of land appreciation income.Based on this,the main body and target of land value-added income sharing,especially the connotation of land-expropriated farmers sharing land value-added income was combed.Then,based on the theory of land development rights,this paper studied the mechanism of land value-added income shared by land-expropriated farmers.Based on the analysis of the theoretical basis of land-expropriated farmers sharing land value-added income,we put forward the specific logic of land value-added income sharing.Finally,based on the multi-value theory of land,this paper studied the mechanism of land value-added income sharing of land-expropriated farmers,and analyzed the changes in land value patterns during the process of farmland conversion to construct a theoretical model for land-expropriated farmers to share the value-added benefits of land.(2)Analyze the distribution status,existing problems and the main causes of land-appreciation income under the current land system arrangement.The paper used the statistical data at the national level to measure the formation and distribution of land value-added income in the transition of agricultural land to various sites,and to study the distribution of land value-added income.Furthermore,we used 540 surveys of rural households from Suzhou,Nantong,and Suqian cities in Jiangsu Province,construct a Probit Regression Model to study the degree of satisfaction of land-expropriated farmers and the influencing factors.On this basis,the main problems in the distribution of land value-added income and the causes of the problems were analyzed.(3)Measure the reasonable scale of the land value-added income shared by land-expropriated farmers.Based on the statistical data of Suqian City,Jiangsu Province,an empirical test was conducted on the land value-added income sharing model partially constructed in the theoretical analysis,to measure the reasonable scale of land value-added income shared by land-expropriated farmers.(4)Explore the path to realize the land value-added income sharing of land-expropriated farmers.Based on the realistic background of urban-rural integration and inclusive development,an indicator system is constructed from the perspective of equalization of sharing opportunities and fairness of shared results.A typical case of"relocation of property" in Changzhou City,Jiangsu Province was selected,and the main methods for ensuring the value-added income shared by land-expropriated farmers in the case area were summed up and evaluated,and then compared with the traditional one-time currency compensation method in Suqian City.Based on the experience of practical reforms,it explores feasible ways for land-expropriated farmers to share land value-added income.(5)Construct the sharing mechanism of land value-added income by land-expropriated farmersm,and then innovate and reform land and related systems.The conclusions of the study are as follows:(1)In the direct sharing entity of land value-added income,the land value-added income that the land-expropriated farmers should obtain is the sum of the value of agricultural land development rights and the value of farmland social security;the land value-added income that the local government should obtain is the sum of value of city land development rights and land capital value I minus value of the farmland social security;the land value-added income that the land-use enterprise should obtain is the reasonable profit generated by the investment,that is,the value of land capital II.(2)Under the current system,the proportion of land value-added income directly shared by land-expropriated farmers is less than 5.5%,and the overall satisfaction of the land-expropriated farmers is not high.To rationally increase its distribution ratio,the key is to reform the existing land property rights system,change the "passive acceptance" to"actively participate",and ensure that the land-expropriated farmers have equal interests with local governments from the perspective of rights.(3)The reasonable scale of land value-added income shared by land-expropriated farmers is about 26.4%.Statistic results from Suqian City,Jiangsu Province in 2016 show that the land value-added income gained by land-expropriated farmers should be 474 yuan per m2,the local government should be 1019 yuan per m2,and the enterprise should be 304 yuan per m2.Thus,the rational sharing ratio between the three subjects up to be 26.4%:56.7%:16.9%.(4)The realization path of land value-added income gained by land-expropriated farmers includes "marketization" and "administrative".The fuzzy evaluation values of land value-added income sharing,equal opportunity sharing,and fairness of shared results of land-expropriated farmers in Changzhou were 0.610,0.546,and 0.738,respectively,which were significantly higher than Suqian City.Drawing on the successful experiences of existing reforms,and in order to achieve a reasonable sharing of land value-added income by land-expropriated farmers,it is necessary to give land-requisitioned farmers adequate and adequate land development rights;on the other hand,they must also pass through the government’s public service supply,infrastructure construction,laws regulations,and regulation provide environmental,to support for the manifestation of the value of land development rights.Both are indispensable to achieve the goal of geographical sharing.(5)In order to guarantee land-expropriated farmers’ to share the land value-added income,we should do as followings:on one hand,we can construct the land replacement mechanism,also land finance and taxation distribution sharing mechanism from the perspective of government administration;On the other hand,we can construct the mechanism of land property sharing and urban-rural land market integration mechanism.At the same time,in order to realize these sharing mechanisms,we should not only reform the existing land levy system,but also adjust the relevant systems such as social security system,financial transferring payment system and land property rights system.The innovation of this research is to break through the traditional theory and institutional framework,introduce the concept of land development right into the distribution of land value-added income,and put forward the theoretical basis of land-expropriated farmers in sharing land value-added income.On this basis,we construct the theoretical framework which includes sharing subjects,sharing goals,sharing logic,sharing scale,sharing paths and sharing mechanisms,which will help to grasp the whole problem.At the same time,the process of land value-added income produced extended from land expropriation and land transfer to the process of land development and utilization by enterprises.It not only enriches the connotation of land value-added income,but also makes the research on land value-added income sharing by land-expropriated farmers more comprehensive.The research results can provide some reference for adjusting the distribution pattern of land value-added income and guaranteeing farmers’ land rights and interests.