| The development of human civilization is a process of continuously expanding theirs survival space by utilizing science and technology,and at the same time,continuously improving the efficiency of solar energy utilization,while the contradiction between man and land provides a critical opportunity to realize the leap-forward development in this process.At present,human society confronts several severe challenges such as climate change,food security,energy security and environmental pollution,and therefore has made significant strategic decisions for sustainable development and ecological civilization.Achieving ecological civilization depends on clean resources,clean production and clean environment,while the desert area will play a critical role in the process of constructing ecological civilization because it owns the most abundant solar energy resources in the world.Faced with the question of how to develop and utilize the desert on the earth,Qian Xuesen proposed the grandiose concept of deserticulture in 1984 based on the consideration of the sixth industrial revolution in the future society,which is to make full use of the abundant solar energy in the desert and Gobi areas by developing agricultural industry based on modern science and technology.Since the introduction of the concept of deserticulture,it has aroused extensive attention and heated discussion from all walks of life.However,the harsh natural environment in the desert and Gobi areas and the results of multiple field investigations of the desert in northern China indicate that there is still a big gap between the current deserticulture in China and the deserticulture envisaged by Qian Xuesen,which reflects people's overall understanding of deserticulture need to be improved and the theory of deserticulture needs further consummation.At present,the"The Silk Road Economic Belt and The 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road" strategy proposed by General Secretary Xi has entered the phase of comprehensive construction,and the geographical environment characteristics of the desert along the "The Silk Road Economic Belt" have determined that the research on the theory and practice of the deserticulture has significant practical significance.It can not only provide a new economic growth point for the development of the "The Silk Road Economic Belt",but also provide a new growth point for the research of desert science and related sciences.Its broader significance lies in coping with the current global environmental crisis facing humanity and promoting human civilization to a new ecological civilization.Based on the above analysis of theoretical and practical significance of the deserticulture,this paper systematically summarizes the deserticulture literature data for 34 years and combines the field investigations of the northern desert and its hinterland in China to study the theory and practice of the deserticulture from seven aspects,including the advance of theoretical research for the deserticulture,the conceptual connotation and development of the deserticulture,the theoretical basis of the deserticulture,the solar radiation energy in desert areas,the deserticulture system,the scientific and technological support of the deserticulture,and the practice of the deserticultureat home and abroad.The preliminary conclusions drawn from this paper mainly include the following six aspects.(1)The deserticulture is a production and management activity in which humans use the resources form the desert areas(including semi-desert areas)to meet their own needs.The development of the deserticulture includes the deserticulture in the period of primitive civilization,the deserticulture in the period of agricultural civilization,the deserticulture in the period of industrial civilization,and the deserticulture in the period of ecological civilization,while the deserticulture proposed by Qian Xuesen represents the deserticulture in the period of ecological civilization.(2)The deserticulture takes use of solar energy in the desert areas as its core content,and its theoretical basis involves the basic theory of solar radiation and the transformation between biology and non-biology of solar radiation.Among it,the basis of biotransformation is photosynthesis,while the basis of non-biotransformation is photoelectric conversion,photothermic conversion and photochemical conversion.(3)The desert area owns the most abundant solar energy resources in the world,and the highest value is in the Atacama Desert,which ranges from 2482 to 2792.8KWh/m~2 a.In addition to the desert area of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China,the area with the most abundant solar radiation energy is located in Alxa Plateau,and its radiation value is between 1700-1900 KWh/m~2 a.Thisabundant solar energyconstitutes the radiation basis for deserticulture.(4)The deserticulture system includes two subsystems:the core industrial system and the auxiliary industrial system.The former can be divided into four subsystems:agricultural industrial system,microbial industrial system,solar energy industrial system and tourism industrial system,while the latter can be divided into two subsystems:the mineral resource industry system and the service industry system.The various industrial sectors within the system are closely linked through the industrial chain.(5)The scientific and technological support of the modern deserticulture includes both scientific support and engineering and technical support.The former mainly includes physics,chemistry,biology,geography,agricultural science,pharmacy,economics and other related disciplines,while the latter mainly includes sand-control project technology,bioengineering technology,agricultural engineering technology,information technology,new materials and new energy technologies,hydraulic engineering technology,modern management technology,and other related engineering technologies.(6)At present,the development of the core industrial system of China's deserticulture is still in its infancy,and the development of the agricultural industry system is only concentrated in areas with better water conditions such as oasis and desert steppe.In the future,the development of China's deserticulture should gradually expand to desert and Gobi areas.Meanwhile,on the basis of ensuring food security,the development of deserticulture should consider biomass energy,bio-pharmaceuticals,bio-based materials,bio-chemical products and photovoltaic power generation as the main directions,and carry out the following three aspects of research simultaneously:? Carry out comprehensive evaluation of resources and environment in the desert areas,and establish a database of resources and environment in the desert areas;? Conduct deserticulture zoning to determine the specific development direction of each district;and ? Continue to increase the investment in science and technology in the deserticulture and focus on the study of improving the photosynthetic efficiency of photosynthetic organisms and the photoelectric efficiency of photovoltaic materials. |
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