Research On The Evaluation Of Green Total Factor Productivity Of China's Industrial Export Products

Since the reform and opening up,China has benefited from the promotion of China's economic industrialization and the development of economic globalization.China has taken part in the global production with comparative advantages of labor and environment,which has made the rapid development of China's industrial economy,the rapid expansion of export trade and the rapid growth of China's economy for 30 years.The rapid development of foreign trade has produced great impetus to the development of China's economy.At the same time,many problems have arisen.For example,environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious,the waste of resources is becoming more and more serious,and the dependence on foreign energy is too high.These problems have gradually become the main obstacle to the sustainable development of China's economy and society,and have aroused the high concern of the central government.In the "13th Five-Year" plan of China,it was the first time to put forward a way to build a resource-saving and environment-friendly economic development.This means that the development mode of China's industrial economy and the impetus for the development of industrial foreign trade will change.The mode of economic development will change from extensive to efficiency intensive,and the impetus for the development of industrial foreign trade will change from the "quantity" to the efficiency of "quality".Based on the above analysis and background,this paper focuses on the green total factor productivity(GTFP)evaluation of China's industrial exports.Total factor productivity(TFP)is the evaluation index of production efficiency based on technological progress.It refers to the ratio of total output to all input factors.It is used to measure the quality of economic growth,technological progress and management efficiency in a country or region.All elements include tangible production elements and intangible factors of production: tangible production elements include three basic elements of production: capital,labor and land,and the essential elements of intangible production include two basic factors of production,management and technology.The growth rate of total factor productivity refers to the part of the growth rate of the total factor production output beyond the factor input growth rate."All" means that the economic growth can not be attributed to the growth of the relevant tangible production factors respectively.Therefore,the rate of total factor productivity growth can be used to measure the removal of all tangible production factors.The growth of the productivity of pure technological progress outside.Total factor productivity(TFP)is an overall indicator reflecting the quality of economic growth and an important tool to explore the source of economic growth.The study of total factor productivity(TFP)is helpful to analyze the source of economic growth,that is,to analyze the contribution of the growth of various factors of production and the progress of technology to the economic growth,and to identify the growth of the economic growth or the increase of efficiency,so as to determine the sustainability of economic growth.The green total factor production efficiency(GTFP)refers to a total factor production efficiency evaluation index which takes the environmental cost into consideration.It is used to analyze the problems in the economic development and environmental coordination.Energy input and carbon emissions are the most commonly used indicators to reflect the environmental costs in the green total factor production efficiency evaluation,because almost all production can not be separated from the use of energy,and the use of energy is accompanied by carbon emissions.Improving the GTFP of export products is to improve the total factor production efficiency of export products under the premise of considering environmental protection through technological progress.Although China's industrial production efficiency is widely concerned,the existing evaluation models have the following shortcomings: 1,no consideration of industrial relations;2,the organic combination of environmental efficiency evaluation and total factor production efficiency evaluation of export products is not integrated;3,the evaluation of total efficiency(E)and the efficiency of each factor of production can not be evaluated.In the same model,4,did not refine the study to the sub provincial level.First of all,the evaluation of the green total factor productivity of China's industrial exports needs to consider the links of the industry.It is well known that in an economic system,there is an intricate relationship between the departments,and the production of an industrial sector needs to consume the output of other industrial sectors,and the output of the industrial sector will also be consumed by other industrial sectors as inputs.In the process of exporting products,a country will consume a large number of intermediate products and services.The production efficiency of the export products of one country(region)is not only related to the production efficiency of the industrial sector,but also related to the production efficiency of the upstream products.When evaluating the GTFP of China's industrial sub sectors,if the relationship between industries can be included in the evaluation model,the rationality of efficiency evaluation results will be improved.Secondly,the GTFP evaluation of China's industrial export products needs to integrate the environmental efficiency evaluation and the total factor productivity evaluation of export products.The existing research either focuses on the evaluation of the production efficiency of a single industry,or focuses on the assessment of the environmental efficiency of a country(region),and the lack of an organic combination of the two.Production efficiency is a measure of the minimum input or output maximization of a region,industry or enterprise under established production technology conditions.According to this definition,in measuring the production efficiency of export products in China's industrial industry,from the perspective of interindustry linkage,the total input(total consumption)of the main factors consumed by the production of comparative unit export products is composed of two parts: first,the production of direct consumption of product production in the industry should be made.Input(direct consumption),the two is to invest in production inputs(indirect consumption)consumed in the production of intermediate inputs.When evaluating the production efficiency of export products,the existing research simply uses the method of evaluating the production efficiency of a single industry in China,that is to compare the direct consumption of all kinds of production factors consumed by the product production in the unit industry,without considering the indirect consumption of the production factors of the intermediate input products.The industry productivity evaluation method based on the direct consumption data based on this industry is simply applied to the evaluation of export production efficiency,and there is no reason for it.In evaluating the total factor production efficiency of China's industrial export products,the results of efficiency evaluation will be more reasonable if all the input and output elements can be replaced by the total consumption of the direct consumption.Thirdly,the GTFP evaluation model of the existing Chinese industrial export products failed to incorporate the total efficiency(E)evaluation and the efficiency evaluation of production factors into the same model.The main objective of the GTFP evaluation of China's industrial export products is to improve its efficiency.If the total efficiency(E)evaluation and the efficiency evaluation of each factor are included in the same model,it can not only know the efficiency of which industry is low,but also know which production input and production factor(capital efficiency(Ek),labor force).Efficiency(El),energy efficiency(Ee),carbon emission efficiency is low,and the specific source of low efficiency in the industry is clearly defined,which provides more decision-making information for policy formulation.Finally,the GTFP evaluation model of China's industrial exports is not refined to sub provincial level.There are industrial differences and regional differences in the GTFP of China's industrial exports.Most of the existing researches focus on GTFP evaluation in single industry or region,and lack of in-depth research in sub sectors.If the GTFP evaluation study of China's industrial export products can be penetrated into the sub regional level,it can not only know which industries are low in GTFP,but also know which areas are low in GTFP,thus providing more decision-making information for the formulation of regional differentiated industrial policies and trade policies.Aiming at the above problems,this paper puts forward a new GTFP evaluation model of China's industrial export products from the perspective of interindustry linkage.Then,using the green total factor production efficiency(GTFP)evaluation model of China's industrial export products,the total efficiency,capital efficiency,labor efficiency,energy efficiency and carbon emission efficiency of China industrial industry in 2008 and 2013 are analyzed from various levels.Then,the relationship between the GTFP of China's industrial export products and the market share of the export products of China's industrial industry(an indicator that indirectly reflects the export competitiveness)is analyzed in order to test the technical spillover effect of China's industrial export trade.Finally,based on the above theoretical and empirical analysis,the corresponding policy recommendations are put forward.First of all,the competitive input-output table will not take into account the direct consumption of production factors and the total consumption of industrial relations.Industrial relevance theory,also known as industrial relation theory,focuses on the study of the relationship between intermediate input and intermediate output between industries.The main tool for the study of industrial relations is the input-output table proposed by Leontief.With this tool,the direct consumption of production factors in the industry can be changed to total consumption.The concept of total consumption reflects the amount of production factors consumed by the export products of the industrial industry in China,equal to the sum of the direct consumption of the industry and the indirect consumption caused by the production of intermediate products.Secondly,we use the non radial data envelopment analysis(SEM-DEA)model to construct a new GTFP evaluation model of China's industrial export products.Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA)is a linear programming method for evaluating the relative efficiency of multi input and multi output decision making units.The prominent feature of DEA is that it does not need to estimate parameters in advance and does not need to make any weight assumptions.Therefore,the evaluation results are more objective.It is precisely because of its unique advantages that DEA has become the mainstream method of green total factor productivity evaluation.DEA is divided into two categories: radial DEA model and non radial DEA model.The radial DEA model requires input-output elements to be adjusted proportionate.This method can not identify the ineffective information caused by a specific input and output factor.The non radial DEA model can not only compare the efficiency of the system,but also identify the efficiency of a specific input and output factor,so as to provide more information and guidance for the decision-makers.In order to overcome the shortcomings of the radial DEA evaluation method,more and more scholars begin to evaluate the green total factor production efficiency by using the non radial DEA model.In this paper,a new non radial DEA model is proposed based on F?reand Grosskopf(2004)to evaluate China's industrial export product GTFP on the on the assumption of undesirable output weak disposability.This paper studies the selection of capital,labor and energy in the model of production input,and the expected output and undesired output variables choose GDP and carbon dioxide carbon emissions.This model can be used to calculate the total efficiency of the total efficiency of the export product production system of China's industrial sub industries,namely,capital efficiency,labor efficiency,energy efficiency and carbon emission efficiency.Thirdly,apply the new SBM-DEA model proposed in this paper to evaluate the GTFP of China's industrial sub sectors.The analysis is divided into two levels: the efficiency evaluation of China's industrial sub industry(the comparison of different industries in the country)and the efficiency evaluation of the various industries in China's industrial sectors(a comparison of the different provinces in a specific industry).The decision-making unit in the efficiency evaluation of China's industrial sub industry is the national industrial different industries.The evaluation results can identify the high GTFP of which industries in China industry.The decision units in the efficiency evaluation of the industrial sectors in China(the different provincial comparators of a specific industry)are the different provinces of the same industrial industry.The results of the evaluation can identify the high GTFP of the export products in this industry.Fourthly,this paper will then study the relationship between GTFP and industrial export market share of China's industrial sector.According to the new-new trade theory,export trade has obvious technical spillover effect,that is,the industry with high dependence on foreign countries has high production efficiency.Therefore,we can boldly make two hypotheses: one is that there is a positive correlation between the export dependence of different industries and the industry GTFP;hypothesis two is a positive correlation between the export market share of the different provinces of the same industry and its GTFP.The results show that the above two hypotheses are tested.The positive correlation is established.This paper consists of seven chapters.The main contents are as follows:The first chapter points out the importance of the evaluation and analysis of the green total factor productivity of the export products of China's industrial industry.Then,it reviews and summarizes the current research status of the green total factor production efficiency evaluation of the export products of China's industrial industry,and points out the shortcomings in the current research.The organic combination of environmental efficiency evaluation and total factor production efficiency evaluation of export products can not be included in the total efficiency(E)evaluation and the efficiency evaluation of various production factors into the same model,and the research is not refined into the sub domain level of the sub industry.Finally,this chapter explains the research methods,main research contents and research significance in detail.The second chapter makes a theoretical and method preparation from the perspective of industrial association.It mainly reviews related theories,including economic growth theory,international trade theory,industrial association theory,green total factor production efficiency evaluation and other related theories,as well as the evaluation of green full factor production efficiency of export products in China.The main method.The third chapter is the research method and theoretical model,mainly introducing the input-output analysis model and the non radial DEA method.Input-output analysis is an economic quantitative method that studies the interdependence of input and output between various parts of the economic system,and is the most common tool for analyzing industrial relations.The non radial DEA method can calculate the total efficiency of decision units(E)and the efficiency of each production factor,and provide more comprehensive information of efficiency evaluation than radial DEA.The fourth chapter to the sixth chapter is the empirical part of the thesis.The fourth chapter studies the green total factor productivity evaluation of different industries from the perspective of China's industrial sector.The results show that total efficiency(E)can be perfectly explained by the efficiency of production and input factors.The fifth chapter studies the green total factor productivity evaluation of export products from 15 typical industries in China.The results show that in different industries,the impact of input and output factors on total efficiency(E)is different.The sixth chapter studies the relationship between the total factor productivity and the intensity of export in China's industrial sub sectors.Export trade has obvious technical spillover effect.The results show that there is a significant positive correlation between the green total factor production efficiency and the export strength of the export products,indicating that the higher the production efficiency,the higher the export share in the given industrial industry.The seventh chapter is policy recommendations.There are five main conclusions in this paper:First of all,the total efficiency of China's industrial industry can be reasonably explained by the efficiency of production input and output factors.The premise condition for the effectiveness of total efficiency(E)is that both the input and output factor efficiency of the industry are effective,and the inefficiency of input and output factor efficiency of each industry is the main reason of the inefficiency of total efficiency(E)of the industrySecondly,the total efficiency and efficiency of input and output factors between provinces in China's typical industrial industries has Common and differentiated features.Thirdly,China's industrial GTFP has a positive correlation with its export market share.Moreover,this positive correlation will be enhanced with the increase of the export market share of the industry.When the export market share of the industry is large to a certain extent,the positive impact of GTFP on its export market share will increase sharply.Fourthly,the positive correlation between China's industrial sector GTFP and its export market share in 2008 was not existed.It shows that China's industrial export trade in 2008 was based on resource overinvestment,not efficiency improvement.Fifthly,compared with 2008,the total efficiency(E)and carbon efficiency of China's industrial sector decrease in 2013,while,the capital efficiency(Ek),labor(El)efficiency and energy efficiency(Ee)has increased significantly in 2013.The main reason is that China's industrial export product structure deterioration.There are three innovations in this paper:Firstly,based on the perspective of industrial association and assumption of undesirable output weak disposability,the non-competitive input-output table and non-radial DEA method are used to improve and build the evaluation model of green total factor productivity of export products.This model not only includes the factors such as capital and labor,but also includes the factors such as energy and pollutants,and removes the input and consumption of the imported intermediates used in the production of export products,thus making a more comprehensive evaluation on the production efficiency of China's export products in the sense of full consumption.The results will be more reasonable than the usual methods based on direct industry consumption.Secondly,compared with radial DEA model,the mainstream method of environmental efficiency evaluation,the non-radial DEA model selected in this paper has a stronger ability to distinguish environmental efficiency and provides more decision-making information.The non-radial DEA model can be used to evaluate not only the total efficiency(E)of the decision-making unit of the system,but also the efficiency of each production input and output factors,so as to know the specific sources of inefficiencies of the decision-making unit.Thirdly,make use of the improved evaluation model of green total factor productivity,the paper comprehensively analyzes and evaluates the production efficiency of export products in various industries in China.To be specific,firstly,the paper examines the production efficiency of export products in different industries.Secondly,the paper examines the production efficiency of export products between provinces in the same industry.