| Transportation and regional cooperation are the hot topics of tourism economic managementand tourism geography in recent years,while the empirical research on the systematic and cross-relationship between these two fields should be deepened and focused.Especially in regional tourism cooperation research,the number of regional tourism cooperation only was stopped at the slogan propaganda,the government organized fairs or signed several agreements or contract activities,or constructing railways,highways,non-stop flights and other traffic routes between two places,while these are not in-depth measures,there are little depth studies on the specific area of multi-dimensional research.On the basis of combing the relevant literatures at home and abroad,Chapter 3,from the relationship of transportation and tourism,From diachronic analysis of traffic impacts on the regional tourism cooperation of the 3 typical areas,the traffic impacts on the regional tourism cooperation of different spatial scales of synchronic analysis,the type of regional tourism cooperation has been carried on the induction,etc,analysis of traffic impact on how the regional tourism cooperation,sums up the theoretical structure on the impact of transportation on regional tourism cooperation.Chapter 4,Define the concept of Limited regional tourism cooperation,based on the definition of the scale of regional tourism cooperation has been constructed.By using the system analysis method to carry out macro,medium and micro multi-level analysis of regional tourism cooperation,and use the Delphi method to cooperate with each other Factor weighting,then build a model to evaluate the degree of regional tourism cooperation closely.Chapter 5,this dessertation takes 6 cities(districts or regions)in Wuling Mountain Area as example,to explore the degree in two levels of quantitative assessment of regional tourism cooperation in this area.Chapter 6,the interconnection between regional tourism cooperation and transportation is an interactive system in regional tourism industry,the origin,developing and evolution process have always been merged,push each other and co-developed in Wuling Mountain Area,The influence of traffic on tourism cooperation efficiency in different cities of Wuling Mountain Area.The influence and flexibility of the transport interconnectivity on regional tourism cooperation are further empirically analyzed.Then the conclusions can be draw as follow.1.The traffic interconnection is the key constraint for the regional tourism cooperation.The early 80s of the 20th century,the Hunan provincial government came forward to help Wulingyuan(it belonged to the three counties of Zhangjiajie forest,Tianzishan,Suoyu River at that time)to "three linked",Zhangjiajie tourism began to develop.In 1994,Zhangjiajie aircraft officially navigable,especially at the end of 1995,Zhangjiajie to Changsha railway were connected;Zhangjiajie tourism ushered in the first raise.In 2003,the grade 2 highway from Zhangjiajie to Jishou has connected;Zhangjiajie and Phoenix city tourism cooperation have become more closely related.In 2005,Zhangjiajie to Changsha highway has been through,in 2007 Jishou to Changsha high-speed has also been connected,Zhangjiajie-Phoenix tourist channel tourists surge in traffic.In 2009,Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed rail opened.In 2013,the Expressway from Zhangjiajie to Chongqing and Jishou to Tongren has opened the mass numbers of tourists from Pearl River Delta,Chengdu,Chongqing and Wuhan visited Zhangjiajie-Phoenix-Fanjingshan tourism gold line,Wuling Mountain area witnessed "Blowout"sight.From diachronic analysis of the Yangtze River Delta,the Yangtze River Delta and Hunan tourism development and cooperation,traffic interconnection is a key factor.2.Presenting the concept of regional tourism cooperation degree,from angles of government,enterprises and tourists to build a multidimensional index system of the regional tourism evaluation.From the government level of policy interlinked,cooperatively environmental management,responsibility sharing,enterprise-level of resource sharing,market co-extension,visitors sharing,associations and community-level of atmosphere sharing,business sharing,this study carry out an analysis of narrow regional tourism Cooperation level and factor index,to build a evaluation system of the regional tourism cooperation degree.Firstly,to clarify the objectives and connotations of regional tourism cooperation(degree of cooperation).The goal is to guide the regional tourism cooperation practice,the connotation of the object structure and cooperation activities elements.Secondly,from the macroscopic level of tourism industry groups,the level of tourism to micro-level tourism enterprises cooperation,analyzing its object system,management process system,support system,determine the cooperation index system to build guidelines and ideas.Moreover,selecting practical indicator’s factors from a large number of cooperation indicators.Finally,classifying the evaluation system from the selected indicators and asked the experts to give weight to factors.3.The tourism destination has good accessibility,and its tourism industry is developing rapidly.The connection between the two tourist attractions is good,so the tourism cooperation between them is high.Based on extensive fieldwork,6 cities in Wuling Mountain Area(state,region)as a case,the evaluation system was used to test the relationship between the degree of tourism cooperation and traffic.The inspection found that if accessibility of a city(state,district)to other places is good,its tourism industry will grow rapidly;if the connectivity between the two destinations is good,their travel cooperation is closely related or their degree of tourism cooperation is high.One is view the area of western Hunan Zhangjiajie,Xiangxi and Huaihua as a whole(known as the Great West),test the tourism cooperation degree of the western Hunan and Guizhou Tongren,Chongqing Qianjiang and Hubei Enshi respectively,the result found that the Great West and Tongren cooperation degree is highest,the western Hunan and Enshi cooperation is the lowest(almost no cooperation),the Great West and Qianjiang cooperation degree is slightly lower than the western Hunan and Tongren cooperation degree.It found that Tongren and the Great West built jointly the Tongren· Phoenix Airport,railway,highway and the three western cities(state)connections;the national road and highway from Qianjiang to the Great Western has connected,entil the end of 2016 there is no high-grade highway from Enshi to the Great West are connected.Secondly,it test the tourism cooperation degree on Zhangjiajie,Jishou,Huaihua to the Great West,which are geographical position into the equilateral triangle to the town centre,respectively,Zhangjiajie And Jishou have the highest degree of cooperation,Jishou and Huaihua cooperation is low,Zhangjiajie and Huaihua cooperation degree is lower.Zhangjiajie and Jishou have high-grade tourist highway and railway connected;Jishou and Huaihua also have railway and high-speed connection,but they were connected in 2012,and there is no direct road between Zhangjiajie and Huaihua,it has to cross the Xiangxi(or Changde Taoyuan).4.Regional tourism development and traffic accessibility are positive correlated,but tourism cooperation rely on driving force leading.This paper analyzes how the interconnection between traffic and tourism affects the regional tourism cooperation from the aspects of the tourism traffic of Wuling Mountain area,the traffic influence of traffic development on tourist routes,and on the type of tourism cooperation.Firstly,the analysis of Zhangjiajie tourism development forced the improvement of the traffic network,traffic improvement also promote its tourism industry to achieve a major leap,while strengthening its cooperation with the surrounding city(state).Secondly,the historical correlation of total visiting number,income,total mileage(km)and highway(km)between Zhangjiajie and Xiangxi is 0.971 and 0.904 and 0.952 and 0.932,respectively,and mantissa check are 0,which are less than 1%,then the two indicators of tourism and traffic indicators are significant correlated.Thirdly,the paper analyzes the influence of tourism channel evolution on tourism spatial cooperation with Zhangjiajie-Phoenix-Fanjingshan as an example.Finally,the paper analyzes the five main types of traffic impacts on the cooperation efficiency of different cities and the regional tourism cooperation.This study attempts to innovate at the following points:First,based on the summary of the previous research,in this paper,the concept of regional tourism cooperation is narrowly defined,the concept of regional tourism cooperation degree is put forward,the evaluation index system of regional tourism cooperation degree is constructed,and the regional tourism cooperation degree is quantitatively evaluated.Putting aside the general cooperation of regional tourism without substantial content,this paper defined below aspects as a narrow concept of regional tourism cooperation:region must meeting the geographic adjacency,sharing and complementarity of resource,well-developed road net,as well as the same policy,shared resource,tourists interchanged,market developed mutually,imagination promoted mutually in tourism cooperation.In order to reflect the tightness of regional tourism cooperation,the regional tourism cooperation degree is brought forth.The regional tourism cooperation degree being analyzed from the macroscopic,and microscopic system and the regional integration serving as the standard(Assigned 100%),a system of quantitative evaluation of regional tourism cooperation degree has been set up by evaluating and giving the points of the target,functional index and systematic layers in a hierarchically analytic method.Regarding to the scores of the evaluation reflecting the cooperation size will be confined within 0-100%.100%means a fully integrated cooperation,and 0 meas there is no cooperation.Manifestly,a higher score indicates a higher cooperation degree.Three areas of this concept is innovative:① the narrow definition of the concept of regional tourism cooperation;② the establishment of the concept of regional tourism cooperation degree;③ the construction of the evaluation index system of regional tourism cooperation degree.Second,it reveals that traffic interconnection is the foundation of regional tourism cooperation.Viewing from the dialectical relationship between traffic and tourism and the diachronic analysis of the impact imposed by traffic on the cooperation of Yangtze River Delta,Hunan,Hubei and Jiangxi,Hunan Province,three typical regional tourist areas,it is discovered that with the development of traffic,regional tourism cooperation is also closer.Meanwhile the synchronic analysis of the impact imposed by traffic on the cooperation of different spatial scale such as the country,provinces and metropolitan regions uncovered that a closer tourism cooperation contributes to a tighter regional tourism cooperation,and reversely an insufficient traffic contributes to a looser regional tourism cooperation.All above highlights that the traffic interconnection is a key factor in regional tourism cooperation.Thirdly,it shows that a good external transportation of a region lead to a good development in regional,and a good internal transportation in a region lead to a high cooperation degree of regional tourism.PIus the tourism leaders play a critical role in the regional tourism cooperation.In this paper,six cities(autonomous prefecture and districts)of Wuling Mountain Area located in high mountainous and deep valleys are selected as the case.Firstly,the external and internal transportation are analyzed to evaluate the tourism cooperation degree between Wuling Mountain at two levels.At the first level,taking the western Hunan as a whole,and respectively the quantitative evaluation of tourism cooperation degree of Tongren,Qianjiang,and Ensh reveals that the transportation between western Hunan and Tongren is the best resulting in the highest degree of tourism cooperation.External transportation among Enshi,Chongqing,and Wuhan is in a good condition,leading to a better development in tourism.However,the transportation between Enshi and the western Hunan is poor,making the degree of tourism cooperation is so low that may be regarded as almost no cooperation.At the second level,quantitative evaluation of the tourism cooperation among the western Hunan Zhangjiajie,Xiangxi autonomous prefecture,Huaihua shows that the transportation between Zhangjiajie and Xiangxi autonomous prefecture is good,so the tourism cooperation degree is high.However,the poor transportation between Zhangjiajie and Huaihua gives rise to the lowest cooperation degree.Though the transportation between Zhangjiajie and Xiangxi shares the same condition with that between Xiangxi autonomous prefecture and Huaihua,the cooperation degree between Xiangxi autonomous prefecture and Huaihua cooperation is much lower than that of Zhangjiajie and Xiangxi autonomous prefecture.The reason lies in the critical role of tourism leaders in western Hunan.Additionally,not belonging to Xiangxi autonomous prefecture,the tourism of Zhangjiajie has been definitely impacted by the administrative relation. |
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