On The Reverse Transference Mechanism From Monocentric To Polycentric Urban Agglomeration In Middle Liaoning,China

Since industrialization,the polycentric of urban agglomerations has been verified both in practice and in theory.With the advent of the information revolution and the fourth industrial revolution,the industrial and technological linkages established under the original heavy chemical industry system have gradually weakened,and it is imperative to cultivate new leading industries and industrial linkages under the goal of building a new industrial system.In the polycentric urban agglomeration with the traditional heavy chemical industry system serving as the main economic framework,the main economic resources,especially the regional market,human capital,science and technology finance,venture capital,which are essential for industrial innovation,are mostly concentrated in the central city,while the overall decline of the heavy chemical industry system makes the central city inadequate of those resources.Therefore,at the time of promoting the new industrial revolution and strengthening industrial innovation,the central city often has the comparative advantage of taking the lead in cultivating new industries,but the lack of innovative resources will force the central city to vigorously promote the concentration of resources and industrial agglomeration development,resulting in the transformation of polycentric urban agglomeration spatial structure to monocentric.This phenomenon mainly occurs in the urban agglomeration supported by the traditional heavy and chemical industrial system.Liaozhong urban agglomeration is a typical case,which has not attracted the attention of academic circles at present.Past researches concerning the evolution of urban spatial structure havesome great achievements.However,studies on the inner mechanism and empirical analysis of polycentric are still in need of deepening.To start with,current definition of urban agglomeration simply generalizes the process an industrial city agglomerates and disperses into the surrounding area,forming satellite cities,thus constituting an urban agglomeration.Whereas Liaozhong urban agglomeration,the targeting area of this essay,is different from the definition above since it is built primarily on multiple cities featuring individual advantages of resources and spatial adjacency,which has not obtained sufficient academic attention.In fact,such urban agglomerations are not unfamiliar in economic reality.Second,existing researches prevalently assume that a typical urban agglomeration transforms from monocentric to polycentric.Unfortunately,such statement fails to recognize that this transformation is not universal but has its own historical premises,which makes it possible to reverse to monocentric from polycentric due to regional heterogeneity.These are the main background of the research on the reverse transference of Liaozhong urban agglomeration from polycentric to monocentric.For this reason,we put forward a theoretical framework to explore the inner mechanism of monocentric and polycentric of urban agglomeration spatial structure.That is,under the premise of regional heterogeneity,industrial heterogeneity and incomplete market,along with the historical background of relatively stable industrial technology system and relatively stable industrial development factors,the evolution process of urban agglomeration spatial structure generally includes monocentric in the initial stage,monocentric outward diffusion mechanism in the development stage,polycentric in the mature stage as well as the stable stage.The evolution process is influenced by spatial factors,industrial factors,policy factors and other factors.When the industrial technological system undergoes major changes,i.e.the newindustrial revolution,the whole urban agglomeration will face serious problems such as the dislocation of economic resources structure and the lack of new economic resources.At this time,the city with relatively abundant industrial and technological innovation resources,which is often the first central city,will accelerate the gathering resources needed by new industrial system,which in turn triggers the process of monocentric.This "reverse transference" phenomenon,will be more prominent with the driving force of scale advantage of the first central city.Of course,if relatively abundant new economic resources have been accumulated adequately within the urban agglomeration within the framework of the traditional industrial system,there will be a transition from the industrial system to the new industrial system under the original framework,and the development process of the existing urban agglomeration spatial structure will be greatly degraded by the impact of the new industrial revolution,which will generally not bring out the "reverse transference".The above phenomenon of "reverse transference" is prominently reflected in the process of the spatial structure of Liaozhong urban agglomeration changing from polycentric to monocentric in the current stage.This is because:first,the Liaozhong urban agglomeration is still led by the heavy chemical industrial system.With the advent of the new industrial revolution,some industrial sectors under the heavy chemical industry system,such as automobiles and airplanes,will undergo intelligent,high-end and networked technological innovations and rebuild their structures in order to survive.From the angle of Liaozhong urban agglomeration,these industries have not been fully developed under the traditional technological system.The task of gathering economic resources still exists.Secondly,the arrival of the new industrial revolution and the serious economic recession under the traditional industrial system have forced the urban agglomeration in Liaozhong urbanagglomeration to speed up the construction of the new industrial system,while the human capital,scientific and technological innovation,financial innovation and other resources needed for the development of new industries are seriously inadequate,which can only be achieved by the first city,Shenyang,because it has relative resource advantages.Shenyang promotes industrial innovation,which leads to the change of the spatial structure of the whole urban agglomeration from the original polycentric to monocentric,so the phenomenon of "reverse transference" appears.For Shenyang,the development of automobile and aircraft industries which need technological innovation in the traditional heavy chemical industry,still faces a shortage of resources and is in desperate need of industrial clustering.Identically,to develop the fourth industrial revolution industrial robots and other new industries also need to cluster.Although other cities in the urban agglomeration are in a similar state,but these cities only reflect the tendency of agglomeration in a certain range around their respective cities,in the whole level of urban agglomeration,the tendency remains allocating resources to the first city,Shenyang.As for such phenomenon,we use the Pareto index,primacy and regression analysis model to analyze the overall development trend of the spatial structure of the Liaozhong urban agglomeration,which proves that the Liaozhong urban agglomeration is showing a continuous strengthening of the "reverse transference"-monocentric characteristics.Because of this,we cannot simply consent to the polycentric theory and reject the current tendency of "reverse development",the transformation from polycentric to single centralization.In the meantime,we should see that the current "reverse transference" is produced under specific historical conditions.Usually,through this periodical “reverse transference”,and after the full expansion of the central city,polycentric will still arise.In order to speed up the construction of new industrial system,it is necessary for the old industrialbases such as Northeast China to develop the urban agglomeration in a single centralized stage.Therefore,we put forward the following suggestions: first,we should correctly deal with the phenomenon of "reverse transference" in the context of polycentric development,fully understand the existence of this monocentric "reverse transference" and the rationality under the specific historical conditions of a specific region;second,in the current historical stage,we should step up efforts to promote the industrial spatial layout of Liaozhong urban agglomeration.In order to promote the rapid development of new industries through the rapid agglomeration of central cities,the industrial structure layout of medium-sized urban agglomerations should gather all the resource elements of the surrounding cities and accelerate the process of their monocentric.Thirdly,the infrastructure construction of central cities should be strengthened,and the surrounding human capital and innovative finance should be gathered to accelerate the promotion of industrial innovation.Fourth,through policy planning,we can scientifically and rationally determine the industrial positioning of the whole urban agglomeration,scientifically plan the spatial distribution of the industrial system and industrial chain in the whole urban agglomeration,so that the industrial innovation of Shenyang,the first central city,will benefit the whole region and play the backbone role of the entire industrial system,functionally stimulating the rapid development of related industries,and driving up the development of the entire urban agglomeration.Fifth,build a highly intelligent information network platform,cultivate traffic nodes,and build a network system of Liaozhong urban agglomeration.