Study On Multi-objective Optimization Of Land Use Structure In Huailai County

As urbanization rapidly developed,the natural ecosystem was severely impacted by unreasonable development activities.It resulted in a series of environmental problems,and the ecosystem service function declined.Deterioration of the ecological environment has not yet been effectively curbed.While the harmonious development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region has been strengthened by national policies,Huailai County is an ecological preservation area surrounded Beijing and Tianjin,and it played an important role as the ecological shelter zone of Beijing.It became a key issue to protect and improve the ecological environment of Huailai County.It also became the key problem to harmonize the relationships among land use,social development and protection of ecological environment.In this paper,Huailai County was taken as the research object to explore the optimal pattern of multi-objective land use.Remote sensing images were taken as the main information source,and many approaches were adopted in this research,such as the method of dynamic geographic information system,remote sensing,expert system of artificial intelligence,and simulation modeling.This paper aimed to provide theoretical guidance and technical support for land use planning and management,as well as to provide a decision basis for the construction of ecological civilization.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)Integrated the total human ecosystem,sustainable land use,landscape ecology and other theories to guide the optimization of land use pattern,and made a more profound interpretation of the theoretical basis.In order to achieve the ecological and landscape elements can be embedded into the scientific concept of land use optimization to the basic theory involved,such as the total human ecosystem theory,landscape ecology theory,sustainable land use theory,coordination theory,land value theory and ecological footprint theory are expounded and analysis.The interaction between sustainable land use,landscape pattern,ecological system and man land system theory mechanism gives a deeper interpretation,the landscape ecology theory and optimization theory of convergence of land use pattern,refers to the conductor system more systematic theory lays a solid theoretical foundation for promotion land use pattern optimization.(2)Taking the landscape ecological effects as the breakthrough point,the land use pattern as the research object,created the“penalty function”–“constriction factor particle swarm optimization”–“CA-Markov model”.Analysis of landscape characteristics by using landscape pattern index method to estimate the ecological footprint,ecological capacity,ecological deficit and sustainable utilization of land supporting strength,ecological pressure index and ecological coordination degree index of regional ecological effect.The structure and functional relationship of landscape features were studied by GIS spatial decision support system based on the detailed investigation of natural landscape and social landscape features.It established a database of land use and landscape function.Preferences,parameter setting,and weight allocation were considered to establish a comprehensive evaluation system.It evaluated landscape biological function,non-biological function,and social economic function.In the multi-objective optimization model with the constriction factor particle swarm optimization,the“penalty function”is used to“de constraint”,which greatly improves the efficiency of land use;To optimize the spatial pattern of the optimization results,the link CA-Markov model was used to optimize the land use pattern from the ecological landscape function level,created the“penalty function”–“constriction factor particle swarm optimization”–“CA-Markov model”.(3)It clarified the changes of land use,landscape and ecological effects in Huailai County in recent 30 years.The article analysed landscape characteristics and ecological effects of land use type conversion with three period remote sensing images in 1987,2000 and 2013.It also analyzed land use evolution and sustainable development in recent 30 years in Huailai County.Land use pattern showed that areas of cultivated land,water and unused land decreased,while areas of garden,woodland and construction land increased year by year.The largest area decrease and increase occurred in cultivated land and construction land,respectively.From 1987 to 2013,31854hm~2 reduced to 25228hm~2,reducing the area to reach 6627hm~2,7293hm~2 increased to 13921hm~2,an increasing the area to reach 6628hm~2.From the perspective of index of landscape pattern,the landscape diversity and dominance of Huailai County declined,and the landscape pattern increasingly changed by human disturbance.From the perspective of ecological value,the overall reduction of the ecological value of Huailai County in the past 30 years,from 1778.44 million yuan/a in1987 to 1703.13 million yuan/a in 2013,reducing the value of 75.31 million yuan/a,regional environment continues to change.From the present situation of ecological safety evaluation,the pressure index of ecological footprint of Huailai County in 2013 was 0.26,the ecological coordination degree was 1.21,the support of sustainable land use intensity of-0.61,showed that Huailai County Ecology is very fragile,do not belong to a strong sustainable land use.(4)It proposed to use the theory of the total human ecosystem to guide the landscape feature zoning.It established the database of land use and landscape function in Huailai Country in 2013.The landscape feature unit was determined by combining grade of elevation,grade of slope,land use and integration of the landscape matrix type.Finally,295 units of landscape feature were established,and they were initially named following the pattern of“Elevation-slope-land use type”.As the total human ecosystem was introduced in multifunctional landscape feature zoning,eight feature zones were determined in Huailai County.The feature zones were the river plain county service zone,the hilly cultural tourism zone,the hilly green mining zone,the river plain intensive agricultural zone,the low hilly mountain forest and fruit zone,the leisure agriculture and fishery zone,forest landscape zone,and mountain grassland landscape zone.It established the database of land use and landscape function in Huailai Country in 2013.Eight function databases were established including water conservation database,soil conservation database,windproof database,crane mallard goldfinch database,entertainment database,and crop production database.On this basis,multifunctional landscape construction areas were further divided into landscape protection zone,landscape enhance zone,and landscape restoration zone.The occupied area were57310.15hm~2,102943.10hm~2,17979.01hm~2.(5)The landscape function is introduced into CA-Markov simulation,and the optimization method of high dimensional multi objective is fused to determine the structure of land use optimization.To constrained optimization model,it introduced penalty function to fasciculation.The multi-objective optimization model was established adopting particle swarm with constriction factor.Three scenarios of land use structure in Huailai County in 2020 were optimized,and ecological total value increased.Value added:low speed urbanization>existing urbanization>rapid urbanization,followed by 596.14 million yuan,547.07million yuan,542.50 million yuan.The areas of garden,woodland,construction land and waters increased,while the areas of unused land decreased.Based on the land use situation in 2000 and 2013,7 landscape functions,such as biological function,non biological function,social economic zone and so on,are used as the CA-Markov model simulation limiting factors.Using CA-Markov model to simulate the land use pattern in Huailai County in 2020.In 2020 Huailai county farmland and unused land decreased compared to2013,the reduced area were 425.59hm~2,12549.6hm~2,orchard,forest land,construction land and water area increased,land area increased by:Forest land>garden land>water area>construction land,respectively 7097.28hm~2,5082.32hm~2,398.97hm~2,396.62hm~2.Type conversion is the main source of unused land.Two methods,the high dimensional multi-objective optimization and CA-Markov modeling,were taken to simulate land use structure.The two methods both have advantages and disadvantages.The results of the two methods were consistent with each other in the future development and planning.The results generated from CA-Markov model simulation were taken as the basis,and the results generated from particle swarm algorithm were taken as the ideal results to guide both economic and social development.It aimed to finally reach optimizations of quantity and spatial structure in land utilization in Huailai County,and to achieve sustainable development of ecological environment.In summary,this paper uses the dynamic geographic information system,remote sensing,expert system of artificial intelligence,simulation model and other methods,the changes of land use pattern,landscape features,ecological effect,multifunctional landscape classification and landscape function was evaluated and analyzed successfully,ecological landscape concept and factors of embedded multi objective land use“the yogurt the bureau”,the results for the implementation of structural layout optimization of land utilization in Huailai County,the formation has important guiding significance for the land use pattern has the potential of sustainable development,at the same time in Northwest Hebei mountain basin and its ecological environment in similar areas of land sustainable utilization of resources,efficient allocation to provide reference.