Impact Of Knowledge Transfer Among The Eco-industrial Cluster On Open Innovation

The open innovation model formed via the knowledge transfer among the enterprises in the eco-industrial cluster can make the cluster gain sustainable competitive advantages and realize the goal of double optimization in economy and environment.The moves of the enterprises of the eco-industrial cluster towards the open innovation path via the knowledge transfer are the only way for both the restructuring and economic transformation of Chinese industry.However,the knowledge transfer among enterprises in the eco-industrial cluster has a certain difference from the traditional industrial clusters in the aspects of transfer intention,transfer object selection and knowledge transfer situation.And these problems have aroused the scholars' continuous concern and in-depth researches on the open innovation based on the knowledge transfer among enterprises in the eco-industrial cluster.Through combing the existing literatures,it is found that more attention of scholars is paid to the influence factors and efficiency of knowledge transfer among cluster enterprises,or to the influence of open innovation behaviors of enterprises on their innovation performance in the cluster.However,there is limited attention that has been paid to how the knowledge transfer among enterprises in the eco-industrial cluster influences the open innovation behaviors of enterprises,and to how it influences the innovation performance.Therefore,by studying the influence of knowledge transfer among enterprises in the eco-industrial cluster on the open innovation behavior,as well as the law of long-term behavior evolution,it will be able to provide a reference for the in-depth understanding of the enterprise's open innovation model in the eco-industrial cluster,and provide some policy-related suggestions for the administrators.Based on such reality and background,this paper has carried out the study of the above problems from the following areas:(1)Firstly,the paper constructs the model for the influence factors of knowledge transfer among enterprises on open innovation in the eco-industrial cluster.By taking information dissemination model as the basis for the analysis of knowledge transfer model,this paper analyzes the knowledge transfer intention of enterprises,the knowledge transmitting ability of the sending enterprise,the knowledge absorbing ability of the receiving enterprise,the relational distance between enterprises in the cluster and the ecological protection situation of the cluster in the process of knowledge transfer among enterprises in the eco-industrial cluster.Based on the characteristics of these factors,the paper puts forward the research hypothesis and theoretical model for the influence of knowledge transfer among enterprises on open innovation in the eco-industrial cluster.(2)Secondly,the paper empirically tests the model of the influence of knowledge transfer among enterprises in the eco-industrial cluster on the open innovation behavior.In order to carry out the empirical research,the design questionnaires are developed to determine the constructs that need to be measured: the knowledge transfer intention of enterprises,the knowledge transmitting ability of the sending enterprise,the knowledge absorbing ability of the receiving enterprise,the relational distance between enterprises in the cluster and the ecological protection situation of the cluster as well as the openness of enterprise innovation.And a part of constructs are decomposed by dimension.The measurement tables of the variables are designed according to these constructs and the construct dimensions.Then,the relevant survey data are obtained by issuing and recovering questionnaires.Based on the exploratory factor and confirmatory factor analysis,the quality of the scale data is tested and the scale structure of the further analysis is determined.By using the structural equation model(SEM)and AMOS software,the correlation between variables is analyzed,and the influence factor model of knowledge transfer among enterprises in the eco-industrial cluster is tested by hypothesis,so as to obtain the conclusion of empirical research.(3)Thirdly,using the system dynamics simulation research method,it reveals the evolution law of the influence of knowledge transfer among enterprises in the eco-industrial cluster on the open innovation behavior.According to the process model of the dynamic phase of knowledge transfer among enterprises in the eco-industrial cluster,and the factor variables of the influence of knowledge transfer among enterprises in the eco-industrial cluster on the open innovation,the paper constructs the system causality model of the influence of knowledge transfer among enterprises in the eco-industrial cluster on open innovation.According to the causality model,the system flow graph model with quantitative analysis effect is constructed,and the simulation operation equation of relevant variables is set up.The long-term evolution results of knowledge transfer among enterprises in the eco-industrial cluster are simulated via Vensim software.The sensitivity analysis on the system parameters,such as knowledge transmitting ability of enterprise,knowledge absorbing ability of enterprise,relational distance among enterprises,ecological protection situation,knowledge difference among enterprises and innovation knowledge demand,is performed,so as to obtain the key factors influencing the system evolution mode and gain some administration inspirations.Through the above theoretical analysis,empirical test and system simulation research,the following main conclusions are obtained:(1)At present,Chinese enterprises in the eco-industrial clusters have a relatively strong intention for knowledge transfer,and enterprises are willing to move towards the open innovation path via knowledge transfer.And with the sustainable development of enterprise cooperation in the industrial ecological chain,the intention of knowledge transfer will be strengthened gradually.But in the long run,the development of intention of knowledge transfer of enterprises will gradually slow down.Enterprises should have higher requirements on innovation performance,so that knowledge transfer can be kept at a strong level.(2)The knowledge transmitting ability of enterprises will have an important influence on the opening depth of enterprise innovation,but it still has little influence on the open breadth of enterprise innovation.In the long run,in the cluster,if all enterprises develop with the current level of knowledge transmitting ability,it will not have a big positive role for the impact on the opening depth of enterprise innovation or for promoting the innovation performance of enterprises.If all enterprises develop with a level lower than the current level of knowledge transmitting ability,the impact will be negatively great,so at least it needs to maintain the existing level of knowledge transmitting ability.(3)For the knowledge absorbing ability,the knowledge search and acquisition ability of enterprises has an important influence on the opening breadth of enterprise innovation in the process of knowledge transfer among enterprises in the cluster.The knowledge assessment and assimilation ability,the knowledge absorption and transformation ability as well as the knowledge transfer and utilization ability all have important influences on the opening depth of enterprise innovation in the process of knowledge transfer among enterprises in the cluster.In the long run,the overall innovation performance of the enterprises will be improved with the enhancement of knowledge absorbing ability.(4)The relational distance between enterprises has an important influence on the opening breadth and depth of enterprise innovation in the process of knowledge transfer among enterprises in the cluster.And the relational distance between enterprises will also have an important impact on the knowledge transfer intention of enterprises in the cluster.In the long run,the innovation performance of enterprises will be improved with the relational intimacy enhancement between enterprises.(5)The ecological protection situation of the cluster will have an important influence on the opening breadth and depth of enterprise innovation in the process of knowledge transfer among enterprises in the cluster.And the ecological protection situation in the cluster will also have an important influence on the knowledge transfer intention of the enterprises in the cluster.In the long run,the innovation performance of enterprises will be improved with the improvement in the ecological protection situation.(6)When the enterprises in the cluster carry out knowledge transfer activities,they are more willing to choose the enterprises on eco-industrial chain for cooperation.For the mode of cooperation,they more like to choose the contractual knowledge trading model.Compared with other researches in this field at home and abroad,the innovation points and theoretical contributions of this research are as follows:(1)It constructs the model of for the influence factors of the knowledge transfer among enterprises on open innovation in the ecological industry cluster,and tests the model with the empirical research method,and expands the enterprise's open innovation behavior theory from the aspect of knowledge transfer among the enterprises.(2)It constructs the system dynamics model for the influence of knowledge transfer on enterprise open innovation.By the results of evolution principles and gets the system archetypes by feedback loops analysis on the complex system.So the basic reasons behind the influence of knowledge transfer between enterprises in the ecological industry cluster on the open innovation are revealed.(3)Through the simulation analysis of the system dynamics and the sensitivity analysis of the parameters of the system model,the evolution law of the system that can not be observed by the static and local research paradigm in the past is found.The key factors influencing the evolution of knowledge transfer among enterprises in the eco-industrial cluster to the open innovation behavior and innovation performance are obtained.