| "Agriculture,Countryside and Farmers" is a fundamental aspects related to the national economy and people's livelihood.The comrade Xi Jinping,the core of the party central Committee collective,has always been to solve the problem of "Agriculture,Countryside and Farmers" as the top priority of the whole party's work.The 19th national congress of the communist party of China clearly put forward the implementation of rural revitalization from the overall situation and as a strategic height,adhere to the priority development of agricultural and rural areas,accelerate the modernization of agricultural and rural areas.Revitalizing the socialist countryside with Chinese characteristics and modernizing the agricultural countryside in the new period,we must adhere to the green ecological guidance and change the traditional extensive development mode into the green development mode which promotes harmonious coexistence between man and nature.At the same time,we should continue to deepen the reform of both system and mechanism innovation.It is true that fiscal policies,as an important means of national macro-control,has an important impact on the allocation of resources.The formulation and adjustment of agriculture supporting policy decide the agricultural production and operation behavior.Besides,agricultural scale structure and agricultural development mode also determines the direction of agriculture development.Therefore,transforming from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture across the critical period in China,the fiscal policies to support agriculture should be brought to the forefront to support the sustainable development of agriculture.And at the same time to actively promote the green development of agriculture by building the corresponding policy system.Since the founding of new China,Chinese government has implemented various fiscal policies to support agriculture during the different phases of the economic expansion in history.The central and local governments published and implemented a series of strong agricultural policies to advance the agriculture development,and the influences are obvious with the increasing strength of agricultural support.Starting from 1978,the total agricultural output value in China increased from 111.75 billion yuan in 1978 to 592.87 billion yuan in 2016(Calculated on the basis of the fixed price in 1978).The total food production increased from 304.77 million tons in 1978 to 616.250 million tons in 2016.It successfully feed one fifth of the world's population with less than 10 per cent of the world's arable land and 7 per cent of water resources.However,the fact is that great achievements come with massive resource consumption and environmental pollution.Long-term overuses of agricultural resources,overdevelopment,agricultural non-point source pollution and agricultural ecosystem degradation caused a series of ecological environment problems.In the face of the tightening constraints of natural resources and continuous deteriorate of ecological environment,the effective coordination among resources,environment and agricultural development is an important issue that must be solved in China in order to achieve the leap from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture.Resource saving and environmental friendliness are the basic characteristics as well as inherent attributes of green-agriculture.Both of the domestic and foreign researches shows that vigorously developing the green agriculture is an effective way and inevitable choice to solve the constraints of agricultural development resources and promote the sustainable development of agriculture.Theoretically,the traditional agricultural productivity analysis can effectively measure the relationship between agricultural resources input and agricultural economic growth,but it does not involve environmental aspect.In recent years,increasing attention has been paid to agricultural environment problems.Researchers in this field have incorporated environmental factors into the framework of agricultural productivity analysis,considered agricultural environment while analyzing the performance of agricultural economic growth,and explored the internal relationship among resources,environment and agricultural development through efficiency measurement and decomposition.The integration of environmental factors into the framework of agricultural productivity analysis is an important direction of agricultural productivity research in recent years,which is commonly referred as "Agricultural Green Productivity".Based on this,with a background of promoting green agricultural development and agricultural fiscal policy reform in China,this study takes fiscal support for agriculture policy reform as the entry point,with an overall goal of optimizing and perfecting the fiscal support for agriculture policy system,including in-depth analysis of the impact of fiscal support for agriculture on Agricultural Green Productivity,explore the mechanism and path of the fiscal support for agriculture on Agricultural Green Productivity,and through the national level time series data and provincial level panel data empirically test the impact of fiscal support for agriculture on Agricultural Green Productivity,which provide an alternative theoretical method and analysis framework for the impact of fiscal support on agricultural green development.This study aims to provide scientific basis for the green&ecological oriented fiscal policy reform of supporting agriculture,and at the same time,provide empirical evidence for promoting the development of the analysis theory of Agricultural Green Productivity factors.This study consists of nine parts,which are summarized as follows:The introduction focus on explaining the background and significance of the topic selection,reviewing the relevant research trends globally and providing comments for some of the research outcome.The research objectives and contents are determined on this basis,the research methods,data sources and technical routes are also clarified.In the end of this part,the possible innovation and research limitations of this study will be mentioned.The first chapter involve core concepts and theoretical basis.At the first place,this chapter defines the core concepts including fiscal support for agriculture,agricultural green development,agricultural green productivity and agricultural production factor input;Secondly,it clarifies the theoretical basis of this study,including public finance theory,agricultural externality theory,green development theory and production efficiency theory.The second chapter consists of historical evolution,development trend and green perspective evaluation of China's fiscal support for agriculture policy.Firstly,this chapter mainly focus on the change of our country's fiscal support for agriculture policy,and dividing Chinese fiscal policy support for agriculture into three stages,then inspecting the historical background of each stage's fiscal support for agriculture policy change,the scale and structure of agricultural fiscal expenditure,and finally makes a brief evaluation of each stage's fiscal policy.Secondly,based on the analysis and summary of the historical evolution of the fiscal policy for agriculture,and combined with the current rural revitalization strategy and the objective reality background of agricultural supply-side structural reform,this part also discusses the development trend of China's fiscal support for agriculture in the "Thirteenth five-year plan" period and the medium&long-term in the future.Final part of this chapter will provide a brief evaluation to China's fiscal support for agriculture policy on the green development perspective.The third chapter is to analyzes framework of the mechanism and path of fiscal support for agriculture affecting Agricultural Green Productivity.Firstly,this chapter analyzes the impact of fiscal support for agriculture on Agricultural Green Productivity from the perspective of input-output and utility theory.Secondly,this chapter analyzes the mechanism of the impact of fiscal support for agriculture on Agricultural Green Productivity from the theoretical level of institutional economics.Finally,this chapter discusses the path of the impact of fiscal support for agriculture on Agricultural Green Productivity.The fourth chapter consists of calculation and evaluation of Agricultural Green Productivity.In this chapter,firstly,the methods of solving agricultural environment pollution,measuring Agricultural Green Productivity and calculating decomposition in the process of Agricultural Green Productivity are carefully selected.Second part is to establish the evaluation index system of Agricultural Green Productivity and the database of agricultural production input,expected output(agricultural economic growth)and non-expected output(agricultural pollution)of 30 provinces(cities and districts)in China(excluding Tibet)from 1995 to 2015 with detailed explanation.On this basis,China's Agricultural Green Productivity level is calculated and decomposed from static and dynamic perspectives,agricultural green productivity and decomposition results were analyzed from the overall level,provincial level and regional level.The fifth chapter is analysis the impact of fiscal support for agriculture on the change of agricultural production factors input:from the perspective of green development.With the conclusion of the third chapter,that is,the input of agricultural production factors is the internal logic starting point of the impact of fiscal support for agriculture on Agricultural Green Productivity.For this purpose,this chapter uses qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze the impact of fiscal support for agriculture on the agricultural production factors.Firstly,we analyzes the input changes of agricultural labor,land,machinery and fertilizer under the background of fiscal support for agriculture;Moreover,we qualitatively analyzes the impact of fiscal support for agriculture on the input level of agricultural production factors.Secondly,the output elasticity and substitution elasticity between agricultural production factors is measured by using the translog production function model.Finally,empirically analyzes the impact of fiscal support for agriculture on the input structure of agricultural production factors based on the perspective of green development.Through the research of this chapter,the paper puts forward the research hypothesis of the path of the effect of fiscal support for agriculture on agricultural green productivity.The sixth chapter is the empirical analysis of the impact of fiscal support for agriculture on Agricultural Green Productivity.Firstly,we construct a theoretical model of production function which reflects the relationship between fiscal support for agriculture,agricultural economic growth and Agricultural Green Productivity.Secondly,based on the measurement model of the production function of fiscal support for agriculture on Agricultural Green Productivity,we use the time series data of China from 1995 to 2015 tested the time series relationship between fiscal support for agriculture and Agricultural Green Productivity,and construct the long-term equilibrium model and short-term equilibrium model to analyze the long-term and short-term effects of fiscal support for agriculture on Agricultural Green Productivity.Finally,the provincial panel data of 30 provinces(cities and districts)in China is used(excluding Tibet)from 1995 to 2015 as sample to empirically analyze the impact of fiscal support for agriculture on Agricultural Green Productivity and its composition.The seventh chapter is the expanded analysis of the impact of fiscal support for agriculture on Agricultural Green Productivity:based on the perspective of regional differences.This chapter divided the sample of 30 provinces(cities,districts)based on the food functional areas,agricultural economic development level and economic development level,and then establish a regression model with dummy variable interaction to analyze the impact of fiscal support for agriculture on Agricultural Green Productivity,and to compare the impact of fiscal support for agriculture on Agricultural Green Productivity in different regions.Through this study,it aims to explore the regional differences of China's fiscal support for agriculture at the macro level,and facilitate decision-making for the optimization of fiscal support for agriculture policy guided by green&ecology.In Research findings and policy recommendations,concise summary of main ideas is provided,and the adaptive policy recommendations are suggested according to the research outcomes.Based on the domestic and foreign researches,this study focuses on the research objectives,the main innovation points are:Firstly,we found that few studies specifically examine the impact of fiscal support for agriculture on Agricultural Green Productivity through the domestic and foreign literature review.Under the realistic background of vigorously promoting the green development of agriculture and the reform of agricultural fiscal policy guided by green&ecology,this thesis explores the impact of fiscal support to Agricultural Green Productivity,and puts forward adaptive policy recommendations for the reform of agricultural fiscal policy to promote the green development of agriculture in China,which has certain challenges,timeliness and innovation in the topic selection.Secondly,there is no exact economic theory applicable to the analysis of Agricultural Green Productivity factors in either domestic or foreign researches.Also,we did not find any analysis based on the input of agricultural production factors in the relevant researches.Under the framework of Agricultural Green Productivity analysis,this study takes the input and change of agricultural production factors as the logical starting point under the background of fiscal support for agriculture,so as to explore the impact of fiscal support for agriculture on Agricultural Green Productivity.This new perspective is not only a useful supplement and expansion to the existing related researches,but also a promotion to Agricultural Green Productivity theory.Thirdly,many studies confuse the input-output variables of agricultural with the input-output variables of farming,forestry,animal husbandry&fishery in the process of measuring Agricultural Green Productivity,which leads to inaccurate result of Agricultural Green Productivity.This study focuses on narrow-sense agriculture represented by planting industry,separating the input-output variables of agriculture from farming,forestry,animal husbandry&fishery.Besides,we focus on agricultural environment pollution on four kinds of pollution in agricultural production,namely fertilizer,pesticide,plastic film and farmland solid waste.Based on this,we calculate the level of Agricultural Green Productivity in China.Fourth,the important part of this thesis is an empirical analysis,mainly from three aspects to examine the impact of fiscal support for agriculture on Agricultural Green Productivity.Firstly,we use the national level time series data as sample,empirically analyze the relationship between long-term equilibrium and short-term fluctuation.Secondly,we use the provincial panel data as sample,empirically analyzes the impact of the equilibrium on the fluctuation,and explore the main path of the equilibrium on the fluctuation.Thirdly,empirically analyzes the impact of the equilibrium on the fluctuation with the perspective of regional differences.The above empirical analysis comprehensively discusses the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the impact of fiscal support for agriculture on Agricultural Green Productivity.Fifth,in the selection of research methods,this study used the non-radial non-angle SBM model and GML index to measure and decompose the Agricultural Green Productivity,and applied translog production function model calculate the output elasticity and substitution elasticity between agricultural production factors.In addition,a regression model is established with dummy variable interaction items of regional division and the index of fiscal support for agriculture to analyze the regional differences of the impact of fiscal support for agriculture on Agricultural Green Productivity.These methods are not only can reasonably solve the main issues mentioned in this study,but also provide reference for other scholars. |
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