| Social security is the key to people's well-being and a strategy to maintain the stability of a country.Social Insurance is an important measure on regulation of income distribution and social fairness.The Pension Insurance System is a significant part of Social Insurance System and it involving a wide range of fields,can benefit a large number of people,and it is tightly related to a country's economic development,social harmony and stability.It has been over 60 years since the establishment of the Pension Insurance System in China.Jiangsu Province as the coastal developed area in eastern China,is a huge province in economic,population and labour.Over the years,in following out the policies of National Pension Insurance,at the same time,Jiangsu has formulated series of policies closely integrated in the province which have a positive effect on building a well-off society in an all-round way and accelerating the realization of modernization.Taking into consideration the reform and practice of national and provincial pension insurance system of Jiangsu province,this paper comprehensively introduces the development path of the workers pension insurance in Jiangsu province,analyzes the functions of social security agencies,explores the issue that migrant workers participating in the pension insurance in Jiangsu Province,studies the effects of the aging of population on the balance of pension funds,makes some suggestion to improve the policy of Pension Insurance in Jiangsu Provionce in order to advance the effect of Pension Insurance policy in Jangsu Province.The reform of the Pension Insuance in Jangsu Province can divided into three stages:reform initiation,system integration and function expansion,the development and perfection of the system.Through the practice,Jiangsu province pension insurance policy has achieved remarkable results,displayed in five aspects:firstly,the consciousness on Pension Insurance is generally enhanced;Secondly,Pension Insurance in Jiangsu Province has attained accordance to the nation insurance and the management trends to be standardized;thirdly,the province has been planned as a whole and the scale of fund keeps expending,the ability of sustainable development system was gradually enhanced;fourthly,the pay of basic pension insurance is gradually increased;fifthly,the Pension Insurance service system has been established basically and it is improving constantly.However,facing the new situation,the pension insurance policy in Jiangsu Province also faces some prominent problems,such as the lack of the resources of insurance agencies which is the subject of the pension insurance,the low rate of migrant workers participating the pension insurance,the big influence on the balance of the pension insurance fund caused by the aged population,unreasonable factors in the pension insurance policy.Among those,the unreasonable factors have following performances:the level of the plan as a whole in the province is not so perfect,the design of parameters of the pension insurance is not reasonable,multi pillar system is not perfect,personal account of the pension insurance makes a slow progress,the structure of the pension insurance is not scientific and so on.Social insurance agency is the main body of the Pension insurance policy.According to the nature and function of China's pension insurance agency,theoretically,they should be the executing agencies of the service government.The system of the Pension Insurance of Jiangsu province has achieved certain results,but in terms of institutional in nature,preparation,personnel,funds,there are many unsuitable places,especially with the Jiangsu urban and rural integration process speeding up,the adjustment of the industrial structure,changes in employment way,there will be more people into the endowment insurance system for enterprise employees,pension insurance development in the new stage of the overall will enter scientific management,fine management.Therefore,we must clarify the endowment insurance management system,establish and improve the mechanism to ensure funding for old-age insurance,improve standardization level,vigorously promote online orgnaization of social security service,reasonable use of market resources to improve the service efficiency,in order to further optimize the endowment insurance policy implementation resources.Migrant worker is an inevitable product with the accelerating of China's urbanization process.It has a broad and profound influence on China's economic development,people's lives and stability of the society.According to statistics,by the end of 2010,in China,mi grant workers participating the employee pension insurance are 32 840 000,accounting for 21.4%of the total migrant workers.In order to encourage migrant workers to participate the pension insurance,the country carried out some exploration.Jiangsu Province brought migrant workers into the scope of employee pension insurance system.Since 2007 to 2011,the number of insured migrant workers has increased by nearly 10 percentage points,but over the years,the enrollment rate hovering around 40%.Historical factors,labor factors,corporate and institutional factors and other factors are the reason why the migrant workers insured rate is not high.Therefore,we must revise insurance policies to make the migrant worker to participate in it while adhering to the principle of security classification.For the migrant workers who have a stable work,according to policy they must participate in employee pension insurance;For the migrant workers whose income is instability,move frequently or dispatched,the policy should be remain a certain flexibility.That is to say,according to their will,they can participate in employee pension insurance or new rural social pension insurance.The policy should adapt to the characteristics that the migrant workers moved fluently and their identity often switch between farmers and workers.For the employee pension insurance and new rural social insurance system,we should make them conversion and convergence as quickly as possible.Meanwhile,we must deepen the reform of the household registration system,to achieve the goal that integration of migrant workers in cities,increase the protection efforts to make the migrant workers to participate,optimize the transfer of pension insurance,and enhance the portability of migrant workers to participate.Through this way can make the pension system have a full coverage,and truly safeguard the rights and interests of migrant workers.The population structure is an important factor of Social Insurance System.The negative impact of aging population on the Social Insurance System is particularly prominent.Jiangsu is the first province entering the aging society,.As a province with a large population,Jiangsu is in the rapid development of economy and society,at the same time,the tendency of the aging is more obvious,mainly characterized by the"two large three high":large quantity and large area differences,high speed,high age and high elderly dependency ratio.The ratio of actual expenditure of pension to GDP increased every year.From the data of the spending of Pension Insurance fund in recent years,although current pension insurance expenditure problem is not so serious on the whole,but the evolutionary impact of aging of the population on fund long-term balance is still very obvious.We must strengthen the management of Pension Insurance fund,expand the source of pension insurance fund,strengthen the budget of the fund,widen the investment channel of pension insurance fund.Scientificity of a policy is critical to its implementation effect.So,we should make adjustment aiming at the unreasonable factors of policy of Jiangsu Ponsion Insurance.Firstly,to improve the overall level of provincial level.With implementation of unified system,unified handling policy based management procedures,unified information system,to realize unified fund revenue and expenditure,enhancing the fund's ability to resist risk.Secondly,to reduce the proportion of enterprises payment appropriately,enhance the vitality of enterprises,and promote coordinated economic and social development.The ratio of Pension insurance payment is an important parameter in the design of the Pension Insurance System.Maintaining the proportion ratio of enterprises payment is an important factor to promote the Pension Insurance System scientifically.The proportion of payment is a dynamic weight,it should be adjusted according to the needs of career development and fund operations.The rate of the Pension Insurance payment is high up to 20%now,bringing heavy burden to many businesses,which is not conducive to the accumulation of physical capital and human capital and may cause serious increase of intergenerational conflict,expanding the collection difficulty.Thirdly,to speed up the pace to actively implement the Ponsion Insurance policy in accordance with national requirements.The financing model of the Pension Insurance is partial accumulation in China.But over the years,personal account of the Pension Insurance is not in full swing,with empty individual account making the deformation of system.Due to some reasons such as the state does not give subsidies for individual account of the Pension Insurance in the economically developed eastern coastal provinces,progress of Jiangsu province setting up personal account is slow.Fourthly,to establish a multi pillar pension system with government,enterprises,individuals sharing responsibility,which is the direction of the reform of the Pension Insurance system in future.Development of Jiangsu province enterprise annuity lags that it doesn't play the second role in the Pension Insurance.We can promulgate relevant policies to force the enterprises in good economic condition to participate in the enterprise annuity and constantly expand the scope of the implementation of Enterprise Annuity System.Fifthly,to take effective measures to expand the coverage of enterprise employees.The coverage of the Pension Insurance System for enterprise employees should be mainly enterprise employees,but because of the expension of the coverage of the Pension Insurance in Jiangsu endowment insurance,the proportion of flexible employment attending the Pension Insurance is,the high obviously. |
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