Research On Public Financial Policy To The Background Of An Aging Population

Gradual rise of the level of society and economy, has brought a significantimpact on population reproduction. Mortality and fertility gradually decrease, thegrowth rate gradually slow and life expectancy gradually extend. This leads to theincreasing about the proportion of the elderly population, in contrast to other groups,in the whole population. Thus, aging population structure begins to emerge, and setsoff a global "population aging" wave in the21st century, known as the "silver crisis".Since the reform and opening up, under the combined effect of two factors-socio-economic gradual development and strict family planning policy, China’spopulation reproduction gradually transforms from the traditional to modern. It notonly wins the sustainable development space of Chinese, but also improves theproportion of the elderly population, and brings typical characteristics-"old beforegetting rich" and "not prepared before the old".2013, the number of population aged60or older of China exceeded200million,reached the level of14.8%, and become the only country in the world to break onehundred million. Ahead arrival of the phenomenon, has brought great pressure fromthe labor resources, social security, special supplies and industrial structure and otherparties, to economic and social development, and has seriously endangered the furtherdevelopment of the state and nation. To this end, a positive adjustment to adapt to anaging population about the public finance policy, a full play of its leverage andguiding rolein in protecting the interests of older age groups, and efforts to increase"social pension products",which is behind the aging society needs, to cope with theadverse effects of population aging, and to promote the sustained and coordinateddevelopment about society and economy, has become an urgent problem of thegovernment. It also has become one of the hot issues in China.Yunnan Province, both one of the most populated province, and one of minorityprovinces, in the country, has a typical aging population problem with regionalspecificity. Is is not only an urgent need to solve the major obsession, but also anunprecedented opportunity for development. In order to build social harmony and stability in border areas with an aging perspective, how to take appropriate fiscalpolicy to seize the opportunity and take advantage of unique regional advantages toadd highlights for economic development, have become a new research topic of theprovince.This paper is divided into six parts:The introduction describes the status and significance of the research topic,research ideas and research methods as well as major innovations and deficiencies.The second part outlines the basic theory of the aging population, anddemonstrates the specific impact of population aging on public finances.The third part is a systematic analysis of the status about aging population inYunnan. It finds that the characteristics of an aging population in Yunnan: significantaging trend, regional and ethnic differences significant difference,"urban inverted"and so on. Next, It builds a population projection model to predict the aging trend inthe next35years. This section analyzes the profound impact of population aging oneconomic and social development from the social consumption, industrial structure,labor resources, and other aspects.And finally, it analyzes the specific impact on thefiscal spending.Part IV explores the relationship between an aging population and public finance.As the cornerstone of Social Security, and the primary means to solve the problem ofpopulation aging for the government, public finances bear the main responsibility inthe supply of "social pension products". Also, public finances provide some specificpath for the government to solve problems of aging population, including financialsupport and policy support.Finally, based on the above analysis, this paper puts forward some of publicfinance policy options for China to response to population aging. Include: continuingto explore the bigger income, and increase revenue; optimize public fiscal expenditurestructure, develop people’s livelihood supply-side fiscal; adjust tax policies, improvethe tax structure; flexibly use fiscal levers to explore the civil power to developelderly charity. Also, it explores fiscal policy recommendations about the Yunnan,based regional specificities and local fiscal capacity, to actively respond to the aging population, in order to promote sustainable development of regional economic:strengthen financial support to build Yunnan featured pension paradise; increasedirect financial subsidies to the elderly poor in Yunnan. These recommendations arehighly innovative and practical, with a certain significance for China to activelyrespond to an aging population, and can play a guiding role in the reality for Yunnanto solve aging problems.