| Online game addiction has become a prevalent societal challenge around the globe.However,research on online game addiction remains limited in the information systems discipline.Based on a literature review of 49 studies on online game addiction and technology addiction in the information systems discipline,we identify three interrelated research gaps in the extant literature:(1)few studies in the information systems discipline have examined the impacts of technological factors on online game addiction;(2)few studies in the information systems discipline have investigated the impacts of social factors on online game addiction;and(3)there is no systematic theoretical framework to guide an indepth understanding of online game addiction.The first study draws on adaptive structuration theory and explores the impacts of technological factors,namely functional affordance and symbolic expression,on online game addiction.Adaptive structuration theory suggests that technology-related structures,task-related structures,and user-related structures foster different structuration processes,which ultimately transform into desirable outcomes and undesirable outcomes of technology use.Following adaptive structuration theory,we operationalize technology-related structures as functional affordance and symbolic expression,task-related structures as perceived ubiquity,user-related structures as personal self-efficacy;shallow appropriation of structures as cognitive absorption and self-regulation deficiency;and undesirable outcomes as online game addiction.We propose that functional affordance,symbolic expression,perceived ubiquity,and personal self-efficacy positively influence cognitive absorption,which fosters self-regulation deficiency and ultimately transform into online game addiction.Our research model is empirically validate by a mixed-method approach,including a qualitative instrument development process to develop the measures of functional affordance and symbolic expression and a quantitative longitudinal survey to validate the proposed hypotheses.The research model is well-supported and explains 58%variance in online game addiction.This study contributes by emphasizing the impact of technological factors on online game addiction,extending adaptive structuration theory to online addiction context,and addressing the potential of adaptive structuration theory in technology addiction and dark side of IT use.The second study builds upon identity theory and examines the impacts of technological and social factors,namely IT identity and social identity,on online game addiction.We adapt the conceptualization of technology addiction to define online game addiction.We conduct a literature review to identify the different forms of online game addiction,including impulsive use,compulsive use,excessive use,and addictive use.We build upon identity theory to explain the relationship between the two forms of identity(i.e.,IT identity and social identity)and online game addiction.Our research model is empirically validate by a mixed-method approach,including a qualitative instrument development process to develop the measures of IT identity and a quantitative longitudinal survey to validate the proposed hypotheses.Key findings show that(1)online game addiction includes impulsive use,compulsive use,excessive use,and addictive use;(2)IT identity positively affects online game addiction and fully mediates the effect of social identity on such behavior;and(3)IT identity is predicted by embeddedness,self-efficacy,and instant gratification,whereas social identity is determined by group similarity,group familiarity,and intragroup communication.This study contributes to the literature by proposing a typology of online game addiction,highlighting the impacts of technological and social factors on online game addiction,extending identity theory to technology addiction and dark side of IT use.The third study draws from dual-system theory and offers a systematic theoretical framework in examining the complex nature of online game addiction.Dual-system theory suggests that users1 technology addiction can be attributed to two structurally different systems:the reflexive system and the reflective system.We identify two types of reflexive systems called behavioral impulsion system and behavioral habituation system and one type of reflective system called behavioral inhibition system.We further operationalize behavioral impulsion system as perceived enjoyment,perceived escapism,impulsive urge;behavioral inhibition system as self-monitoring,self?judgment,self-reaction,and self-regulation;and behavioral habituation system as usage comprehensiveness,usage frequency,and habit.A longitudinal survey was employed to empirically validate the model.The research model is well-supported and explains 55%variance in online game addiction.This study contributes to the literature by developing a tripartite model of online game addiction and extending dual-system theory to technology addiction and dark side of IT use. |
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