Network Design And Service Provisioning Under Physical-Layer Attacks In Software-Defined Multi-Core Fiber Based Elastic Optical Networks

With the development of bandwidth-hungry applications such as cloud comput-ing and big data,the traffic in backbone networks is growing sharply and dynamically.As the underlying infrastructure of backbone networks,optical networks are therefore facing challenges from networking and network control and management(NC&M).To overcome these challenges,both academia and industry keep working on techniques,such as elastic optical networking(EON),space division multiplexing(SDM),software-defined networking(SDN),etc.As EON can achieve flexible spectrum assignment and multi-core fiber represented SDM can improve fiber capacity to Pbit/s,a symbiosis of EON and MCF,i.e.,Multi-Core EON(MC-EON),enables flexible networking with super-high capacity.On the other hand,by decoupling network control plane and data plane,software-defined networking(SDN)can facilitate efficient NC&M of optical net-works via logically centralized controller(s).Therefore,software defined MC-EON is significant for evolving optical networks,and adapts to the trends of optical networks into multiple domains and intelligence.The transparency of optical networks can improve network performance,but would also cause physical-layer security issues in optical networks,especially in those with multiple domains.In optical networks,there are a variety of attack methods,which can be categorized into signal insertion/splitting attacks and optical infrastructure attacks.Although software-defined MC-EON has manifold advantages,it is confronted with even more severe security issues.Once an attack occurs,unimaginable losses would be caused.Hence,it is of great significance to study how to mitigate the attack losses in software-defined multi-domain MC-EON.For this topic,this paper conducts studies in data plane and control plane,respec-tively.In the data plane,this paper considers inter-domain signal insertion/splitting attacks to study attack-aware routing,spectrum and core assignment(RSCA)in MC-EON.In the control plane,this paper considers optical infrastructure attacks to study resilient control plane design.· We first study routing and spectrum assignment(RSA)in EON against inter-domain signal attacks to reduce spectrum utilization and security threats.Specif-ically,according to physical-layer vulnerabilities,we analyze the potential attack scenarios under different RSA arrangements,propose a spectrum isolation mech-anism to protect intra-domain requests from inter-domain ones by exploiting the fine spectrum granularity of EON,and quantify the security threats under differ-ent routing arrangements.Based on this,we formulate the problem as an inte-ger linear programming(ILP)model to obtain the optimal solution.To reduce the time complexity,a heuristic MDAa-RSA-PC is proposed.Simulation results verify the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm under both static and dynamic network scenarios.· Next,we study game-assisted RSA in EON against inter-domain signal attacks to further balance the spectrum utilization and security threats.Specifically,we consider a more realistic EON,where only a minority of inter-domain lightpaths may carry attacks.For each inter-domain request,we define a Bayesian game between domains to provision it,and formulate the game as a nonlinear program-ming(NLP)model to obtain a Bayesian Nash equilibrium(BNE).Based on the BNE,we propose an algorithm Ga-RSA for the provisioning of both intra-and inter-domain requests.Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the algo-rithm.· Then,we consider MC-EON threatened by inter-domain signal attacks exploit-ing inter-core crosstalk,and study the problem of spectrum and core assignment(SCA)to reduce spectrum utilization and the crosstalk.Specifically,we differ-entiate attack-related and impairment-related inter-core crosstalk,and propose to suppress the attack-related crosstalk,while to reduce the impairment-related crosstalk in a best effort way.The problem is formulated as an ILP model and is proved to be NP-Hard.Under static network scenario,a time-efficient Aa-SCA is proposed.And under the dynamic network scenario,a time-efficient Aa-SCA-D is proposed to incorporate the consideration on both spectrum and spatial frag-mentation.Simulation results verify the effectiveness of algorithms.· Finally,we study resilient control plane design under targeted fiber cuts.By studying the effect of targeted fiber cuts on CP,we propose a game-assisted CP design method.Specifically,we model the CP design problem as a non-cooperative game between the attacker and the designer.To solve the game,theoretical analysis is conducted and a Nash Equilibrium is obtained to derive the solution of CP design.Simulation results verify that our proposal is effective in enhancing the CP resilience.