| Regional wushu is the historical epitome of the development of wushu in China,the cultural identity of local society,and the window into the function of the region.It came from production,rooted in the folk,and accompanied by life and travel through the river of Chinese history.But Wushu is constantly undergoing structural changes,which must have formed a well-connected network and a functional structure subtly.The Wushu has long been nested in the management and function of local society and plays an important role in promoting the public affairs,purifying the social moral order,and maintaining the stability.The academia and Wushu circles have paid much attention to the regional Wushu for a long time,but mainly from the ontological perspective to discuss its "what,why,and how?”.Either speaking of Wushu in the framework of physical education or studying its narratives history,have achieved rich results.However,it has not been studied under the premise of comprehensively grasping the social culture of the research object,so it has certain limitations.The paper intends to take a historical and anthropological study on the structure and function of Wushu by answering the question--"why do people learn Wushu?",and apply the "four causes" to interpreting the development of Wushu in Pei County in different periods,to find how Wushu connects individuals,society and the country,and thus form the structure and function.This may be a new attempt to the paradigm of Wushu study,and provide a new idea for Wushu research,or it may draw a new picture for the history of regional Wushu.Guided by theories of sociology,anthropology,ethnology,history,and sports,based on the theory of four causes,the theory of natural order,the theory of social control,and the theory of national governance,comprehensive use of literature research,fieldwork,and historical analysis,case studies,oral history,and other methods,follow the research approach of focusing on big points and starting from small points,comprehensively examine the historical evolution,structural and functional changes of Wushu in Pei county,to answer "what" and “why” of Wushu in Pei county in different times,then to explore how regional Wushu participates in the construction of physical and social order under the framework of freedom and order,Then it constructs the meaning of the modern cultural scene of the folk martial arts.It draws the main conclusions: The main conclusions are as follows:(1)In the traditional period,Wushu played as an unofficial organization responsible for village autonomy and management.It not only has the functions of inheriting the types and promoting the spirit of Wushu,but also play a role in promoting social identity,participating in social governance,and regulating social order.In different historical periods,its function is determined by the needs of the state,society,and individuals,and adjusted promptly within an overall framework.(2)Folk martial arts as the usual means to pursue freedom,which has both historical inevitability and its initiative.The behavior that People learn Wushu is value-oriented,positive,and free,and to meet his value preset.But when the value is reached,more resources and greater power are acquired due to the continuous expansion of human desires,it will inevitably be restricted by the Wushu community,be controlled by the society,and be governed by the country,and thereby restoring order.(3)Regional Wushu is both the goal and the means of social control.In the construction of local social order,it plays a spiritual emotional bond,which can well achieve a close intercommunication or a highly common consciousness,thus creating invisible constraints of self and others.From the perspective of the value of social control,compared with administrative intervention or power politics,Wushu can reach people’s spiritual and emotional worlds more fundamentally and effectively,thereby achieving social control based on the concept of value attainment.(4)The selection of Wushu by the state in different periods is a process from instrumental rationality to value rationality.Wushu chooses its structure and function according to the transition of the nation,the changes of the government,and the needs of people’s lives so that it can serve the country and society and meet people’s needs for a better life.At the same time,Wushu itself adjusts its role and positioning promptly by the needs of the country,society,and individuals.(5)The evolution of regional Wushu is the epitome of the constructing and changing of the local social order,and it is also a specific manifestation of the extension,jurisdiction,and governance of the will of the state to the local society,which reflects the function construction process of Wushu from freedom to order.(6)The modern construction of the function of Wushu is a positive response to the natural and social environment that has undergone or is changing based on its adaptation and renewal mechanism.It is a cultural innovation based on its initiative and a positive form of cultural change. |
