| As the fundamental relationship of the continuing of the school,the development of teacher-student relationship must be based on the teacher-student ethics community to form a teacher-student communication relationship.The teacher-student relationship must emphasize their respective roles and responsibilities and follow certain ethical values.Therefore,the essence of the common relationship behind the specific relationship between teacher-student relationship is ethical relationship.The observational perspective of ethical relationship can make the teacher-student relationship distinguish between the “consanguinity” relationship and the“business ”relationship,and also make the teacher-student relationship transcend the generally considered “interpersonal relationship”,“interaction relationship”and “legal relationship” and directly highlight its essence.Thus,the teacher-student relationship can be expressed as: a certain degree of "interpersonal relationship" and "interaction relationship" in the phenomenon,a teacher-student communication relationship in the process of occurrence,an ethical relationship in the core.The ethics required by deviation from ethical relations and ethical relations makes the teacher-student relationship impossible to become a teacher-student relationship in the true sense.The ethics of teacher-student relationship is not only a kind of communication order,but also a kind of pursuit of “ought to be”moral value;this is not only a transcendence of the current functional teacher-student relationship,but also a breakthrough in the traditional view of “teacher-student dualism”.In this study,ethics refers to the objective law of good morality.The teacher-student relationship in the ethical relationship dimension is reflected in the relationship of justice,happiness and freedom formed on the basis of equal communication and equal dialogue between teachers and students.It is the pursuit of the “good” ethical order based on the community of teachers and students.In this ethical order and value pursuit,there must be ethical principles that run through them.These ethical principles are fundamental ethical concepts and ethical norms that support the existence and development of teacher-student relationships.Such ethical principles are not only the basis for the formation of ethical relationship between teachers and students,but also the support of ethical teacher-student relationshippractice.In other words,ethical relations and the ethical value system behind ethical relations always run through the process of teacher-student communication,and become the basis for evaluating and guiding the development of teacher-student relationship.In the process of evaluating and guiding the teacher-student communication,the ethical relationship will “correct” the teacher-student relationship that deviates from the value of teacher-student communication on the one hand.This correction is the embodiment of the educational function of ethical relationship between teachers and student;On the other hand,the ethical relationship between teachers and students will be adjusted in the evaluation and guidance of teacher-student communications.This adjustment is also the process of continuous generation and enrichment of the ethical relationship between teachers and students.The interaction process between teacher-student communication and teacher-student ethical relationship shows that the ethical relationship between teachers and students will continue to develop and improve with the changes in educational practice and the changes in teacher-student interaction.The teacher-student communication becomes the basis and carrier of the ethical relationship between teachers and students,and the ethical relationship between teachers and students provides value guidance and direction guarantee for teachers and students.The benign interaction between teacher-student communication and teacher-student ethical relationship makes the ethical principle of teacher-student relationship change from abstract value norm to reality interpersonal interaction on the one hand;on the other hand,it makes the teacher-student communication free from falling into the low-quality interaction,thus losing the educational significance of the teacher-student relationship.The logical interpretation of this process is: the core of the teacher-student relationship should be an ethical relationship-the connotation of the ethical relationship between teachers and students is constantly enriched and developed in the interaction between teachers and students-the ethical relationship between teachers and students is established-the ethical order of teachers and students is formed.For the unity of the relationship between teachers-students communication and the ethical relationship between teachers and students,if we only answer from the "reality" of practice,we can’t completely clarify this problem in theory,and we must also go from the perspective of theoretical "necessity" to analyze why the teacher-student relationship should be based on ethics.The logical starting point of analysis should begin with the subject involved in the ethical relationship between teachers and students-Human existence.The essential attribute of human beings issociality.Sociality determines that human beings are related,and it means that people are certain “classes”,but they must be “someone”.In the unity of opposites of human’s class attribute and individual attribute,the generation and development of ethical relationship has a realistic basis and logical necessity.Otherwise,human sociality will replace individuality,or individuality always tries to transcend sociality.The development of teacher-student relationship is also the same.Teacher-student relationship is a manifestation of certain social relations.It has the characteristics and performance of “class”,but behind the teacher-student relationship is inevitably the unique “teacher”or “student”.Therefore,the duality of human existence is the logical starting point for the growth of the ethical relationship between teachers and students.This make the relationship between teachers and students should not be the dependency of “occupation”,but should be the life communication relationship of “symbiotic”.The activity of a person in a relationship is an activity with active creativity.The objective activity is an important symbol of the initiative of the person.Through objective activities,people embodies the unity of "subject objectification" and "object subjectivity",and also embodies the unity of “stand of object” and “stand of people”as well as the “purpose”and “regularity”.Human object activity is a kind of purpose-oriented activity,which means that people will inevitably realize the unity of subjective desire and object attribute under the guidance of certain value principle and value goal.The higher the level of human object activity,the higher the value principle and value goal required,and the human object activity becomes the driving force for the development of teacher-student ethical relationship.In the objective activities of human beings,people always play a certain role,and different roles need corresponding ethical norms,which is the inevitable result of the development of role responsibility and role behavior.From the perspective of teacher-student communication,the activities between teacher and student are the communication activities for the common educational task or teaching content.The teacher’s duty is to realize the educational task in the student,and the student needs to “deserve the teaching content”by teachers.This process of teacher-student interaction is a process of object-oriented activities,which is expressed as “teacher-education task-student”.There is a kind of object activity relationship between teachers and students and teaching tasks as well as between teachers and students.If there is no ethical principle to guarantee the object-related communication activities between teachers and students,it is difficult to “restore”to the“existence”relationship of“people-people” between teachers and students,but easy todeviate to the “occupation” relationship of “human-object”.The misplacement of the teacher-student relationship is also the dislocation of the role.The dislocation of the role will lead to the deviation of the role responsibility.In the ethical dimension,the development goal of teacher-student relationship lies in the formation of ethical teacher-student relationship.The formation of this relationship requires a certain ethical order of teachers and students as a guarantee.The ethical order formed by the teacher-student relationship with certain ethical norms is an endogenous order constructed by “autonomy-consciousness”.But the legal relationship constructs a“right-obligation”order,which is a mandatory external order.The ethical order is also different from the order formed by the teacher-student management relationship.The teacher-student management relationship forms a "seeking truth" order in line with the management law,and the ethical order is a "seeking good" order that meets moral requirements.Of course,the ethical relationship between teachers and students and the legal relationship and management relationship are not completely separate and completely opposite interaction modes.They promote the harmonious development of teacher-student relationship from different angles.Observing and examining the reality of teacher-student communication in the framework of ethical relationship dimension,we can find that the ethical principles behind the ethical relationship between teachers and students are both the value guarantee of teacher-student communication and the guiding principle of education development.However,in the current process of teacher-student communications,there has been some “alienation” in the teacher-student relationship.These phenomena are firstly manifested in the unfair state of teacher-student communication.This injustice is mainly manifested in the imbalance of the distribution of educational rights,the application of educational opportunities,and the allocation of educational resources in the face of specific situations;secondly,they are manifested in the “fading” respect,that is,the discrimination and denial of the personality of each other in the communication between teachers and students,and this discrimination and denial often appear as“love”;thirdly,they are manifested in the lack of happiness between teachers and students.Happiness is a positive psychological experience after people’s needs or desires are satisfied.It involves the affirmation of self-worth and the generation of happiness experience.The lack of happiness always puts teachers and students in a state of painful self-denial.This is a bad mood that greatly affects the quality of life of human beings;lastly,they are also manifested in the loss of freedom.If there is no freedom to be guaranteed or not guarantee the existence of freedom in teacher-student relationship,it will leads to the loss of personality and the lack of creativity,so that the essential strength of human beings cannot be well played and manifested.The existence of these phenomena makes us reflect.What is the nature of the teacher-student relationship? What are the main causes that affect the development of teacher-student relationship? How can we build a more harmonious and beautiful teacher-student relationship? In the existing research on teacher-student relationship,we often only grasp one aspect for analysis,and fall into reviewing and solving "branch",but we can not grasp the key to the development of teacher-student relationship from the root.However,when this study uses the perspective of ethical relations to observe and examine the relationship between teachers and students,we can find that the reasons for the “anomie” of the current ethical relationship between teachers and students in China have both social background and teachers and students themselves.From the perspective of society,the value confusion and chaos brought about by the transformation of society will inevitably impact the process of teacher-student communication,and some shortcomings in the design of the current education system will undoubtedly weaken the role of ethical relationship between teachers and students.At the same time,the development of information technology also diversifies the communication between teachers and students.The traditional explicit communication between teachers and students becomes the coexist of dominant and recessive communication.The existence of recessive communication between teachers and students undoubtedly is a great challenge for traditional ethics of teachers-students communication.In addition,the dilution of teachers’ self-cultivation has also aggravated the "invalidation" of teachers and students’ ethical norms,especially the indifference of teachers’ professional sentiment,which fundamentally shakes the ethical foundation of teacher-student interaction.If the teacher loses the consciousness of self-reflection and the heart of the "benevolence" of the students,the teacher’s educational appeal will be gone,and the ethical relationship between teachers and students will naturally be "submerged" in the indifferent body of the teacher.Teacher-student communications have thus become an immoral communication,and the educational nature of teacher-student relationship has also been “marginalized”.Based on the comprehensive use of literature combing and theoretical analysis methods,this study makes a theoretical reflection on the existing research literature on teacher-student relationship and based on my own work practice.Through theintroduction of ethical theory,the research on teachers-students relationship is given a new perspective.On the basis of this,the ethical community is used as the entry point to understand the teacher-student communication.This paper comprehensively analyzes the connotation and realization possibility of the teacher-student relationship in the ethical relationship dimension,and summarizes the value principle of the teacher-student relationship in the ethical relationship dimension as a general principle and three points under the “consideration”of the reconciliation ethics methodology.That is to say,under the general principle of good and evil,the teacher-student communication should follow the three ethical principles of justice,happiness and freedom.Among them,justice is the first principle to be followed by teachers and students;happiness is the goal principle of teacher-student communication;human happiness is the value pursuit of in teacher-student communications;freedom is the conditional principle or the principle of guarantee of the teacher-student relationship.These three specific principles together need ethical "goodness",which together become the ethical value system that teachers and students must follow.To consolidate and follow these ethical value systems in teacher-student communication,from the influencing factors of teacher-student interaction,it is necessary to establish a teacher-student ethics community,which is the "interpersonal" condition of teacher-student communication;At the same time,teachers need to improve their emotional cultivation,and evaluation system of “consistency between morality and happiness”should be built for them.This is a necessary condition for consolidating the ethical relationship between teachers and students.Finally,it is necessary to change the existence of “morbidity” in school organization through teacher-student dialogue under the guidance of the spirit of contract,which provides environmental support for the reconstruction of teacher-student relationship in the ethical relationship dimension.Through the transition from these “ought to be” to the “reality”,the practice of research is to promote the realization of ethical teacher-student relationship. |
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