The Effect Of Kindergarten Outdoor Environment On Preschool Children’s Physical Activity

Objective: To determine the current status and influencing factors on physical activity of children in kindergartens;to define the specific dimensions of factors affecting the physical activity of children in each influencing factor;to explore the mechanism of the main influencing factors of physical activity behaviors.The strategy for improving children’s physical activity in kindergartens is proposed,suggestions for the settings of physical activity supported kindergartens’ outdoor environment are proposed,and the model of physical activity supported kindergarten is established to provide a scientific basis for the promotion of physical activity for children in kindergarten.Methods: Based on the theory of social ecology,this study investigated the physical activity of preschool children by using the accelerometer,and the individual factors,social support factors,outdoor environmental factors and policy factors by questionnaires and tests,to analysis of the various factors on kindergarten children’s physical activity.Through behavior mapping and environmental perception,this paper explores the factors that influence the level and intensity of physical activity in kindergartens through outdoor environment design,and construct a theoretical model of physical activity supported kindergarten.Results and conclusion:1.Children’s physical activity in kindergartens is subject to severe tests.Physical activity level is low and sedentary time is too long.Children’s physical activities in kindergartens should be intervened to promote their physical activity in kindergarten.2.Kindergarten is an important factor that affects preschool children’s physical activity.Kindergarten environment,physical education knowledge and physical activity level of kindergarten teacher all affect preschool children’s physical activity.However,Family support factors such as mothers’ concern about young children’s physical activity and their father exercise behavior also promote physical activity in preschool children.The level of motor development in preschool children is closely related to their level of physical activity.3.In the kindergarten’s outdoor environment,the large play equipment area is the behavior setting that preschool children like most.However,the play equipment offers low intensity physical activity,and the number of large-scale play equipment should be controlled in the kindergarten;the open area is the main space where children has the most intensity of physical activity,the activity in the open area are mostly unconscious random activities,therefore,open area is reasonably set to increase the frequency and activity level of the children activity;preschool children have a strong desire for the natural environment,but such environments are relatively lacking in kindergartens.It is recommended that natural environment settings be added to the planning of kindergartens in order to meet the child’s desire for exploration and the development of creative abilities.4.The construction of physical activity supported kindergarten should start from the following aspects:(1)Using the media to publicize the benefits and importance of physical activities,and introduce relevant policies and regulations to guide and regulate the construction of kindergartens;(2)creation of kindergarten in physical environment follows the principles of safety,accessibility,interest,ecology,inducibility and sharing to create a space for preschool children to adapt to their physical activity opportunities and quality;(3)create a good physical activity atmosphere for preschool children,the humanistic environment enables preschool children to stay in an active environment;(4)strive for the participation and support of parents to jointly establish a supportive environment for the physical activity of preschool children.