A Study On The Spatial Distribution Of Higher Education And Its Social Consequences

Educational inequality is a persistent research subject in sociology.Its way of changing at the level of time and space catching focuses of attention and discussion in academia and educational practice.In China,it is an indisputable fact that there are regional differences in education scale,resources and opportunities,which is also a long history concerns.Among them,the regional differences of higher education opportunities catch the focus of attention of all sectors of society in China,and how to eliminate the regional differences of higher education opportunities has become a major issue for China's education.As to the regional differences about education,the previous literature shows that the regional differences in higher education opportunities are based on the spatial differences of social resources such as economy,culture and so on,and are based on the spatial differences of the times,families and individuals.Therefore,to examine the distribution of higher education opportunities,we must take into account the spatial heterogeneity and the changes of times,the higher education opportunities between the provinces,urban and rural areas,classes,ethnic groups,gender and family background,Putting aside the differences between provinces and the dynamics of time to explore the inequality of higher education opportunities of individual and group may lead to deviation from the reality and the results.After China entered the period of socialist development,a series of social and political movements and economic reform have brought about tremendous changes for the family and the individual development opportunities:the social stratum structure gradually diverges from political identity of the binary class to coexisted pattern based on occupational diversification,The educational opportunity has experienced the rapid growth of the early period,the broken period of the Cultural Revolution,the period of restoration and expansion since reform and opening up;With vast territory,large population,complicated natural factors and humanities factors,regional development imbalance is an objective reality existing in China.With the further development of society,economy and education,the unbalanced development of education caused by the different regional conditions(including geographical conditions)has suddenly become prominent,and the existing regional differences even gradually trend to expand.The spatial imbalance of resources and opportunities in higher education is the logical starting point of this study.Narrow the imbalance is the logical end of the study.The purpose of this study is to answer the following questions:(1)Based on the analysis of the spatial distribution of higher education resources in our country,to makes a statistical analysis of the spatial aggregation in specific indicators of higher education resources;(2)To explore the spatial differences of higher education opportunities in the perspective of three dimensions of regions,urban and rural area,geographic space,and to discuss the changes in different years.Three dimensions refer to administrative divisions(provinces and cities),social space(urban and rural)and geographical space,which combine with non-spatial factors to explain the influencing factors of higher education opportunities.(3)to analyze social consequences of spatial inequality in higher education.This study used CFPS data based on the 2010,in which students were divided into different group according to household registration location when at the age of 12,the year when the interviewees participated in college entrance examination,to analyzes the spatial distribution inequality of higher education opportunities from the three spatial dimensions of administrative divisions(provinces and municipalities),social space(urban and rural),and physical space(geographical coordinates),focusing on higher education opportunities in changes of times.First of all,we use the data of China Statistical Yearbook,Population Census and China Urban Statistical Yearbook to present its visual spatial map of the spatial distribution of higher education resources in China.On this basis,we summarize its spatial distribution,and analyze its evolution progress and policy reasons.Secondly,the logistic and hglm models were used to analyze the data of CFPS2010,focusing on the spatial factors that influence the opportunity of higher education.In the end,we discussed the social consequences of the unbalanced distribution of higher education resources and the unequal distribution of higher education opportunities.The study found that the spatial distribution of higher education resources in our country are unbalanced,more resources distribute in the East regions contrast with the West,while the central regions is in the worsest state.The main distribution rules are as follows:the higher education resources are distributed mainly in a few cities.Concentrated in parts of the eastern and central region,the west is relatively poor;School localization in districts;The distribution of high quality high education resources presents rich in East and West,central region is in state of poor.In the relationship between higher education and population,economy and urbanization level,the overall difference of higher education resources in the administrative regions is mainly caused by the overall gap in the administrative regions(between prefecture-level city);The distribution of resources in the administrative areas is relatively uneven relative to the population,and the distribution of the higher education resources is relatively balanced with respect to the distribution of income;the distribution of the higher education resources is relatively balanced with respect to the population size in the administrative regions with high urbanization level.Higher education resources spatial analysis showed that the difference of China's higher education resources distribution is obvious,and there are obvious clustering.The impact of the third dimension on the opportunity for education reflected that the region significantly impact on the distribution of education.There are significant provincial differences in the opportunities for higher education.There are also significant differences in higher education opportunities in the eastern,central and western regions.Significant differences between urban and rural areas also resulted in higher education opportunities.The study of higher education between urban and rural difference opportunities found that the difference is not significant in the central region,but in the western region is very obvious,3.01 times higher than when comparing with the eastern region.The influence of regional factors on the opportunities of higher education is different in different periods by means of the change of opportunity of higher education in combination with time and space..This paper analyzes the inequality mechanism of educational opportunity from the perspective of space,discussed the evolution factors influencing the opportunities of higher education in the process of social change,try a new perspective of the education inequality analysis,enriches the existing research results,make up for the deficiency of the domestic in this research field,provides academic basis for education equality development and higher education reform.