Study On The Relationship Between Current Chinese Laborers’ Job Mobility And It’s Employment Quality

The current transformation of Chinese society centering to industrialization and marketization and the social structure transition in China have resulted in the change of employment opportunity structure for laborers.Due to the continuous development of new social status and mobility channel,the laborers’ job mobility has become increasingly frequent.Job mobility not only leaded to that the pattern of resources distribution deeply changed,but also resulted in that the laborers’ individual employment environment and occupational status changed,which furtherly affected the laborers’ employment quality.Therefore,to study the current Chinese laborers’employment quality,the dramatic transformation of Chinese society and the macroscopic social background of frequent and persistent job mobility could not be ignored.It may be a effective starting point which was more in line with the social reality to explore the current situation and influencing factors of employment quality in Chinese social from the perspective of job mobility.This study attempts to explore the following topic:the relationship between laborers’ job mobility and it’s employment quality under the background of current transformation of Chinese society.This topic can be embodied in the following questions:What are the current conditions of Chinese laborers’ employment quality during the social transformation?What are the main factors influencing the laborers’job mobility?Whether the laborers’ job mobility affect it’s employment quality?What kind of effect there is?What are the differences between groups which have different job mobility model when job mobility impacts on employment quality?The data used in this research come from "Chinese General Social Survey(2008)".Quantitative research method will be used in the research process.Employment quality will be operated into four indicators:wage income,occupational reputation,management power and job satisfaction.The study firstly intends to describe the overall conditions and group differences about current Chinese Laborers’ employment quality.Following that is the systematic investigation of the influence factor of job mobility using event history analysis method and poisson regression model.In the research marriage and family factor is a important starting point.Through the study we can distinguish the main differences in job mobility model about different characteristics of laborers.Finally,the research further explores the effect of job mobility on employment quality through whether job mobility happens and the frequency of job mobility and focuses on the group differences in the effect of job mobility on employment quality about the laborers which have different job mobility model.The results show that:First,as far as objective indicators are concerned,the overall level of current Chinese laborers’ employment quality are lower.It mainly shows that the laborers wage income level is low,the vocational structure are mainly composed of lower and middle classes,and most of the laborers have no autonomy in the process of work.But on the subjective indicator,the laborers’ job satisfaction is relatively higher.In addition,the laborers’ employment quality have significant group differences in many aspects.Among them,the employment quality of laborers which have the characteristics of male,young and middle-age,urban household registration,higher education,abundant social network resources,state-owned units,party and government institutions,married,higher socioeconomic status of spouse and job stability are relatively higher.Second,marriage and family variable have significant inhibitory effects on job mobility.Marriage can reduce the possibility of mobility of the initial job,and the number of job mobility for the laborers which have married and had spouse is smaller.The more children,the possibility of laborers’ mobility of the initial job is less,and the number of job mobility is smaller.The more little children,the inhibitory effect on job mobility is greater.In addition,there is significant gender difference on job mobility.The possibility of female laborers’ mobility of the initial job is higher,and the number of it’s job mobility is more.In the variables of human capital,education and age have significant inhibitory effects on job mobility.But the variables of social capital don’t have significant effects on job mobility.In the variables of organization,ownership pattern,staff size,workplace and house type have significant effects on job mobility.The study also find that there are obvious difference of gender,ownership,education and period in which marriage and family factors affect on job mobility.Specifically,the variables of marriage,number of children and age-specific number of children have more inhibitory effects on job mobility in the sample of female,state-owned unit,highly educated and early obtained the initial job.Third,the laborers’ job mobility have significant effects on it’s employment quality.Comparing with the laborers without job mobility,those who have experienced job mobility have lower wage incomes,lower occupational prestige,less management power and higher job satisfaction.At the same time,the relationship between the number of job mobility and objective indication of employment quality is roughly u-shaped curve,but there is persistent positive effect on job satisfaction.In addition to job mobility,the variables of gender,human capital and social capital also significantly affect employment quality.As far as the group differences of job mobility is concerned,the negative effect about which job mobility affect employment quality is relatively greater for the laborers of female and less educated.In addition,there is obvious difference of marriage and family in which job mobility affects employment quality.Overall,the sample of married,have children and lower socioeconomic status of spouses may be in a relatively inferior position in the process of that job mobility affects employment quality.Through the empirical analysis results of this study we can see that the laborers’consideration of the whole family interests plays an important role in the decision of job mobility and it’s effects on employment quality.Among them,the whole family interests include not only economic benefits but also the needs of family care.In addition,the research conclusion also shows that as far as Chinese society which is still in the transition period.is concerned,the structural factors plays an important role in the decision making process for job mobility.Thus the structural factors divide laborers into "stay people" and "mobility people",and then affect the effect of job mobility on employment quality.As far as the groups which is called "mobility people" is concerned,personal strategic choice also can play a role,and further to promote employment quality.