Study On Women's Equal Employment Under The Universal Two-Child Policy

At present,with the liberalization of the two-child policy,the impact of the fertility problem on women's employment has once again emerged and caused widespread concern.On the one hand,this kind of impact makes the implementation of the two-child policy inconsistent with expectations.On the other hand,it poses a more severe challenge to women's employment equality.Since the mid-1980 s,women's employment and childbirth have been positively related from the original negative correlation.In the case of the encouragement of the two-child policy,the focus on women's employment is not only a match.The policy is an excellent policy entry point,and it also has a certain research contribution to the long-standing solution to the problem of gender discrimination in women's employment.Due to the correlation between birth and employment,the birth policy that determines the number of births has also become an important variable affecting women's equal employment.To this end,this study divides the changes of fertility policy and the development of women's employment in the vertical direction into the period of advocating childbearing policy and the growth period of women's employment,the one-child policy period and the stability employment period,the two-child policy period and the female employment change period,and analyzed the relationship and characteristics of the two periods.In the horizontal direction,the paper analyzes the employment situation and policy influence of women under the two-child policy,and combines the investigation analysis to confirm the existence of the imbalance of the policy system and the actual impact on women's employment.Finally,by comparing the practices of countries and regions with small gender gaps in foreign countries,the paper proposes countermeasures to promote equal employment for women under the two-child policy.The main innovation of the paper is to put women's equal employment into a complex policy environment for research.Different from the previous study of simply adopting the family planning policy as the policy background or only starting from the supporting policies as a countermeasure to promote women's equal employment,this study is based on the integrity,publicity and fairness of public policies and women employment is placed in the two major policy systems of basic national policy and supporting policies for family planning.The basic national policy of family planning includes China's population policy at various stages.The supporting policies include the supporting policies of the overall level of the family planning policy and the current supporting policies related to the two-child policy.The study of two major policy systems around women's equal employment has clarified the impact of birth policy and public service policy on women's employment.At the same time,it analyzes the joint effect of the two on women's employment and fully considers the complexity and universal connection of employment problem of women,and comprehensively showing the source,the process of production,and the solution path of women's equal employment from the perspective of public policy.Based on a broader system perspective,this research deeped and expanded the existing research on the equilibrium of public policy.The policy equilibrium is extended to three levels.One is the dynamic equilibrium of the birth policy in its development and change;the second is the policy system balance of the two-child policy and the horizontal supporting policy,and the third is the policy effect balance of the two-child policy on the employment of women.At the same time,the dynamic equilibrium of the two types of policies and the balance of the two-child policy and policy objects in employment also reflect the interests' equilibrium betweem nation and personals,families.The equilibrium of these three aspects and the balance of derived countries and individual interests not only constitute the policy environment for women's employment,but also constitute an expansive study based on the theory of dynamic balance.The study found that there are three levels of imbalance in the policy system for women's equal employment:First,the policy of the second child has not reached the equilibrium state of the basic national policy of family planning in China,and its introduction node is lagging behind.Second,the development of relevant supporting policies is still not perfect,which has aggravated the imbalance effect of the birth policy.Third,the unbalanced status of the two-child policy and the supporting policies are not only unhelpful to form a synergy to solve the population problem,but it also creates and exacerbates the negative effects of women's employment discrimination.The imbalance between these three levels leads to the dual opposition between women's employment and childbearing in China: some women give up or give up their second child for employment or for better jobs;others suffer from employment Discrimination for childbirthing.It is even difficult to avoid employment discrimination even if you are not born.At present,it has fallen into the embarrassing situation of whether it is encouraging fertility or encouraging employment,and it can not solve the dilemma of female fertility and employment discrimination.Although the policy liberalization has a poor effect on stimulating fertility growth,its impact on women's equal employment has become more and more rigorous with policy easing.The results show that on the one hand,female employment inequality has a long history,and fertility discrimination has always been the main cause of female employment discrimination.On the other hand,the inequality of women's employment under the two-child policy is a continuation of contemporary gender inequality,but it differs from the one-child policy period in terms of expression and performance.In the implementation of the two-child policy,the cost of childbearing has further increased to the contradictory focus of women's employment;Invisible discrimination and segregation of discrimination are more prominent in women's employment;the support of laws,policies and public services is an urgent task.Finally,the pursuit of freedom and rights and the protection of women's employment rights are the key to the success of the current birth policy.In order to promote the equal employment of women under the two-child policy,this study proposes the following countermeasures: The first is to balance the two types of policies and coordinate the interests of all parties;The second is to improve employment-related policies and ensure equal employment for women;The third is to strengthen public service policies and relieve women's worries;The fourth is to guide the concept of gender into the mainstream of decision-making and achieve real development equality between the two sexes.