| In recent years,electronic government(E-government)has become very important all around the globe.It can be described as a digital interaction system between government and other sectors,such as citizens,companies,employees,ministries and other government organizations.One of the most important elements in the implementation of e-government is the interaction between users and e-government systems,especially the adoption and utilization of these users,which are the main objectives of such systems.However,e-government services are still in the early stage of development.Developing countries,including Pakistan,face many adoption-related problems,implementation and utilization.In addition,there is a lack of research and analysis of user adoption and utilization from different perspectives,as well as a comprehensive framework specifically developed for such analysis.Therefore,the purpose of this study is to investigate,analyze and understand the key factors affecting the adoption of e-government among older adults.Adopting and utilizing Pakistan's e-government services among the older adults and overall approach to services.This can be used to improve the current level of acceptance and utilization.It will also help to provide user-centered design and implementation of new electronic government services.The purpose of this study is also to fill in the current knowledge gap in e-government literature of older adults in Pakistan on what may constitute a comprehensive framework for conducting such questionnaire based surveys.In order to fulfill the research's goals,a comprehensive conceptual framework has been developed,which includes the acceptance and use of e-government adoption among older adults and utilization models from critical evaluations of several common technical models and theories particularly senior technology adoption model(STAM)and the review of e-government adoption literature.On the bases of STAM,existing literature and theories the comprehensive research model(OAEAM)has been developed to investigate and understand the factors which affecting the adoption and utilization aged citizens.The conceptual model of this study is based on several technology acceptance Models and variables which has been adopted from various models(STAM,TAM2,UTAUT)specifically STAM according to their importance and the familiarity with the nature of local aged population.Quantitative methods have been used in this study to get the reliable date from the field.SEM has been used to analyze statistical data and to validate the research model and determine the influencing factors regarding the adoption of e-government among the aged population of PakistanThe questionnaire based survey was conducted in four metropolitan cities e.g.,Karachi(Sindh),Rawalpindi(Punjab),Peshawar(KPK),Islamabad(Capital)of Pakistan whereas several locations has been utilized among these cities for the purpose of data collection(universities,community centers,old age benefit offices,Benazir income support offices,banks,post offices,neighborhoods etc).Purposive convenience sampling technique has been used for selection of study respondents whereas 384 sample size has been determined.Initially 500 questionnaires has been distributed among respondents by utilizing different sources,finally after evaluation only 384 questionnaires responses were found completed and with no error or missing data.The results of demographic data revealed that the for a sample size(384),average age of participants was 55 years,with an education level of college,and majority of male respondents(83%)compared with female(17%).The family system was found to be joint with an average household size of 6.25 personsThe SEM has been utilized to analyze the relationship among proposed variables of this study Which indicated that there is significant influence among variables.In addition,as independent variables the facilitating conditions(FC),ease of use(EU)usefulness(USE),previous experience(PE),perceived trust(PT)has found significant influence on subjective norms(Dependent variable),whereas as independent variable subjective norms has great influence on attitude similarly the attitude has significant relationship with intention to use.Education level play important role in technology adoption and several studies has been proposed education level as moderator.In this study education level has been proposed as moderate to know the moderation affects between attitude and intention to use.An education level(EDU)has found a significant moderation between attitude and intention to use.As a consequence of these findings,some suggestions are put forward for the successful adoption and utilization of e-government systems and services based on user perception,attitudes,beliefs,needs and choices for the older adults.Similarly this research can enlighten policy makers when forming decisions that encourage the adoption and use of E-government services within the older adult population. |
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