The Transoform,Conflict And Social Transformation In The Border Area Between Sichuan,Yunnan And Guizhou During The Ming And Qing Dynasties (1368-1850)

The Sichuan-Yunnan border area which was a relatively unified and closed geographical unit of the natural and human environment now mainly includes the southern Sichuan Xuyong,the ancient Shu,the northwestern Guizhou and the northeastern Yunnan.Since the Yuan Dynasty,the political and military values of the region had gradually become prominent,and the Tusi of ethnic groups had become the biggest obstacle to the dynasty involving the southwestern.It can be said that the loyalty of the Tusi in the border areas of the three provinces was the wind vane that determines the long-term stability of the southwestern society.In order to strengthen the control of the southwestern region,the central dynasty began to relocate in three provinces,promoted the policy of immigration,and gradually promoted the deepening reform of the Yimiao region.With the integration and synergy of the Han and Yi nationalities,the social development rate in the southwestern region had been rapidly upgraded,and the Sichuan-Chongqing border area had also ushered in diversified social development and changes.Especially in the 130 years(1600-1730)between the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty,the Bozou,Yongning,Shuixi,Wusa,Dongchuan,Wumeng and other Tusi hadushered in the rectification,and their "inlandization" process had been successive with the structure and adjustment of the political districts having gradually taken shape.It must be said that the formation of China's modern southwestern frontier had a direct relationship with the continuous southwest political reform and social economic development since the Ming and Qing Dynasties,and the core area of the southwestern interests of Sichuan and Chongqing was undoubtedly the key factor to determining the future trend of the entire southwest.Previous scholars' research on the southwestern region paid more attention to the longitudinal combing of smaller districts and the short-term dramatic changes of large geospatial scales,and ignored the similarities and differences of certain factors with similar characteristics in different political units.Therefore,this paper focuses on the development,changes and transformation of the Tusi society in the border area between Sichuan and Yunnan in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,and explores the confrontation and ablation between the two different cultural systems in Yi and Han,and explains the structure of the southwestern frontier of China's modern multi-ethnicity and its molding process.The thesis is divided into two parts and six chapters.The first part mainly focuses on the social unrest and changes in the border area of Sichuan and Chongqing,and the second part is a brief introduction to the political changes and social transformation in the border area between Sichuan and Chongqing from the end of the Ming Dynasty to the middle of the Qing Dynasty.Compared with the first part,the author has taken the Zunyi area in northern Fujian into consideration in the second part to comprehensively and clearly show the trend of the central dynasty forces in the southwest region since the end of the Ming Dynasty.At the same time,the changes in the political,economic,and cultural aspects of the southwestern society are unusually rich and complex and it is difficult for the author to comb the structure with limited space,so it can only be selectively discussed in the form of case studies and the author pays attention to the phenomena and consequences of social transformation to show dramatic changes in the development of Southwestern society.It should be mentioned that due to the diversification and decentralization of the research results of the southwestern frontier social history,it is inevitable to lead to the singularity of the research area and research methods.Although this article only roughly analyzes and demonstrates the social development process of the core area in the southwest,it intends to absorb the strengths of all parties and make breakthroughs in material application and research methods.In the meanwhile,with the help of the research achievement of historical geography in the history of southwestern frontiers,the author hopes that the research findings of this paper can provide some new views and understandings on the study of historical political geography and historical ethnic geography.