Folk Memory And Social Reaction Of Disasters In Shanxi In Qing Dynasty

Analyze disaster experience,cognition,response and memory of ordinary people in Shanxi in the Qing dynasty based on Shanxi local literature,and systematically reveal disaster impact on the society of all levels in Shanxi,then show a kind of comprehensive history of disasters in Shanxi Province in the Qing dynasty.First of all,from the use value of local literature,disaster writing,historical context and utilization to analyze the necessity and feasibility of applying local literature in the study of Shanxi disaster history.Compared with official literature mainly focus on disaster situation and relief,local literature involves civil society response,food price,transfer of land rights,mentality of disaster victims,folk beliefs and disaster memory and so on.Therefore,local literature is an important way to understand the disaster experience of the grassroots.Secondly,analyze disasters of different texts and through count the number of disasters in Shanxi to reflect the whole or region disaster characteristics.Under this premise,compare the individual disasters in the inscription records with the overall disasters in Shanxi,try to explore the characteristics of local disaster memory,and reflect the complex relationship between disaster and local society.Firstly,select the inscription materials with more disaster records as the research object,and discuss the disaster situations in different regions in Shanxi.Secondly,analyze and summarize the disaster situation in the same area of local chronicles.It can be seen that the characteristics of regional disasters in Shanxi are obvious,among which the main disasters affecting different regions are not completely the same,and drought is not always the primary disaster.Finally,combining the official literature to discuss the characteristics of the inscription disaster record,it is found that the folk disaster memory has a more obvious layering.Thirdly,it mainly discusses the local response to disasters in Shanxi in the Qing dynasty.From the perspective of its corresponding disaster relief model,it actually includes two levels of official relief and local self-help.Specifically,the disaster response methods of the local society can be divided into various forms such as god worship,village disaster relief,clan relief,squire relief,merchant relief and official-civilian interaction.Among them,official-civilian interaction is an important feature in local disaster response.It is different from the national famine policy system,but it is combined with official relief and national relief under specific conditions to jointly cope with local disasters.Fourth,taking “Ding-Wu disaster” as a research case,from the perspectives of disaster cognition,disaster response,disaster life,transfer of land rights and disaster memory to reinterpret it.First of all,according to the relevant records of the inscriptions,the three stages of pre-disaster,mid-disaster and post-disaster were used to "restore" the whole process of grassroots people’s understanding and response to disasters.Secondly,the land transaction documents during the "Ding-Wu disaster" period were used to analyze the flow of land rights in the grassroots society and the daily life of the disaster victims,thus revealing the different life other than discourse systems of "fleeing the famine" and "saving the famine".Finally,a study is conducted on the long-term folk memory of "Ding-Wu disaster",and analyze basic characteristics of the generation and spread of folk disaster memory,as well as the resulting social impact.Finally,taking the folk disaster relief of Jingsheng Village in Qing dynasty as an example,the analysis is carried out from the aspects of disaster situation,disaster relief background,clan relief and village community relief,and focus on investigating the interrelationships between grass-roots social composition,clan and local warehousing with the relief of the village community.Studies have shown that drought and the famine it caused were the main disasters encountered in Jingsheng Village in the Qing Dynasty,and the corresponding main relief work has been sinking from the national to the local area since the middle of the Qing Dynasty.Among them,the powerful clan power and commercial public management are important factors for maintaining the relief tradition of Jingsheng Village for a long time.The transition of the main body of disaster relief from the clan to the village community fully embodies the integration of the blood relationship and the geographical relationship,and the power penetration of the gentry within the clan to the local society.The local people’s long-term experience of disaster prevention and mitigation constitute the unique “folk” disaster relief tradition of Shanxi’s local society in the Qing dynasty,and gradually generate corresponding disaster memories and unique disaster cultures.Among them,the inscription is the main carrier of the inheritance of folk disaster memories,and the generation of related disaster memories is closely related to the self-disaster relief initiative of the local society.The obvious stratification thus demonstrated is not only a powerful confirmation of the civil society’s self-help activities,but also a side affirmation of the effectiveness of the official relief of the Qing dynasty.