The Rise And Decline Of The Eastern Small States In The Warring States Period And The Influence To The Historical Process

Due to the strong and more influence of the seven powerful states in the Warring States period,the seven powerful states in the Warring States period always get more attention in the study of the history of the Warring States than the small states.In fact,for the eastern small states in the place open to attack from all directions,because of their geographical situation's importance,these eastern small states always had a very complex internal rise and fall process affected by the historical trend of the all stages of the Warring States period,also influent the historical process in different periods towards a unified historical pattern.Even in the end of Qin Dynasty and the start of the Han Dynasty,the eastern small states in the Warring States period Profoundly rewrited the direction of China's historical process by Integrating into the major countries and participating in the process of regional integration.In the eastern small states in the Warring States period,as the Influential vassal states,the State of Zheng,Song,Lu's rise and fall process and their influence on the historical process have high research value.In the first chapter of this studies,first of all,we tallk about the significance of the Three Huan's power getting its peak in the Lu State at the beginning of the Warring States period,and point out that the Three Huan's power getting its peak in the Lu State at the beginning of the Warring States period is the inevitable result under the background of specific times in the early Warring States period and part of political Pattern In political change in the various states.This political Pattern is the significant cause of the drastic reduction of the handed down historical materials in the early Warring States period than the Spring and Autumn period.Second,we tallk about the Internal reason of the Three Huan's decline and the power's resuming of the monarch in the Lu State in the early and middle period of the Warring States period is the great influence of Zhou Dynasty's ritual system in the Lu State.And the external reason is that the Qi State's attacking on the base area of the Three Huan weakened the power of the Three Huan.The Duke Mu of the Lu State also survived the Lu State by diplomacy on the threat from the Qi State.In the second chapter of this studies,first of all,we tallk about that the beginning of “the Dai Family capturing the State of Song” is in the early Warring States period and the reason is the rise of the Dai Family in the State of Song in the Spring and Autumn period by the Chronological Record of Events in the Tsinghua Bamboo Slips.Second,we tallk about “the Prime minister Xin capturing the State of Zheng” which happened in the early and middle period of the Warring States' s process and influence.Its Internal reason is that the Seven Mu rised in the State of Zheng in the Spring and Autumn period and the external reason is that the State of Jin and the State of Chu were contending for hegemony.Then we tallk about how the geographical situation where place open to attack from all directions;of the State of Song and the State of Zheng affected the contending for hegemony of the State of Jin and the State of Chu in the early Warring States period by the Chronological Record of Events in the Tsinghua Bamboo Slips.We also point out that the new strategic characteristic of the contending for hegemony of the State of Jin and the State of Chu in the early Warring States period is that the State of Jin and the State of Chu centralized strength to strive for the “Frontier entrenchments”.In the third chapter of this studies,first of all,we tallk about the historical inevitability of the extinction of the State of Zheng in the middle Warring States period and how the State of Han perishing the State of Zheng and succeeding the geographical situation where place open to attack from all directions affected the later history of the State of Han n the Warring States period.Second,we tallk about the finishment of “the Dai Family capturing the State of Song” in the middle Warring States period and compare it with “the Zinan Family capturing the State of Wei”,then point out the diffience between “the Dai Family capturing the State of Song” and “the Zinan Family capturing the State of Wei”.Third,we tallk about the role the State of Lu played in the wars between the State of Qi,the State of Wei and the State of Chu in the middle Warring States period,then we tallk about the State of Yue turned from a powerful state to a small one and retreated to the region of Jiangdong after the experience of civil unrest.Last,we point out that the key of the different fate of various eastern small states like the State of Zheng,the State of Song,the State of Lu,the State of Wei and the State of Yue in the princes and columnsis in the middle Warring States period is the comprehensive influence of self political change and external geo environment.In the fourth chapter of this studies,first of all,we tallk about that the key of prosperity and doom of the King Yan of the State of Song is the background of the era towards unification in the late Warring States period,then point out that the power and important geographical location of the State of Song which as a small state is the Important objective reason why Yue Yi attacking the State of Qi could success.Second,we tallk about the method that civil strife of Royal family of the Zhou Dynasty and the rise of Two Zhou in the Warring States period influented the unification of the Qin Dynasty is the wekened of the control force of the King of the Zhou Dynasty to the region of Luoyang made the State of Qin could perish the Zhou Dynasty more convenient then become a new co owner of China.Third,we tallk about that Facing the military threat of the State of Qin,the Lord Chunshen structured the anti the State of Qin rear area of the State of Chu in the old land of the State of Yue,the State of Song and the State of Lu through the development of the State of Lu and the region of Jiangdong.Last,we point out that the extinction of the eastern small states and the governance of old land in the late Warring States period influented the appearment of the new unificational situation through two dimensions which consist of the unification of the Qin Dynasty and the structured of the anti the State of Qin rear area of the State of Chu.In the fifth chapter of this studies,first of all,we tallk about that the structured of the anti the State of Qin rear area of the State of Chu in the old land of the State of Yue,the State of Song and the State of Lu is huge threat to the governing of the Qin Dynasty,then point out that the history of the State of Yue in the Warring States period is the important reason that why the region of Jiangdong became the base of the extinction of the Qin Dynasty and the young of the region of Jiangdong influenting the extinction of the Qin Dynasty is the Important component of the universal historical law that the small ethnic groups in the frontier areas would drag on the powerful dynasties of the Han in flourishing age to decline.Second,we tallk about that the history of the State of Song in the Warring States period and the combine of the culture of the State of Chu,the State of Song in the governing of the State of Chu is the important reason that Liu Bang could perish the Qin Dynasty,then point out that the Peng city which is in the old land of the the State of Song began to become the center of the land of the region of Chu in the Qin and Han dynasties.Third,we tallk about how the history of the State of Lu in the Warring States period and the combine of the culture of the State of Chu,the State of Lu in the governing of the State of Chu influented the First Emperor of Qin and the Emperor Wu of Han,then point out that the development of the Confucian culture in the State of Lu in the background of the time of reformation in the Warring States period is rhe important reason that the Emperor Wu of Han could achieve to the comprehensive unification.Last,we point out that how the State of Yue,the State of Song and the State of Lu in the Warring States period influented the historical process in the Qin and Han dynasties reflects the historical inevitability of the extinction of the Dynasty of Qin and the rise of the Dynasty of Han,the historical contingency of the victory of the East to the West in the backguond of the gradually spread eastward of the culture of the State of Chu.