The Organizational Form And Theoretical Promotion Of Chinese Marxist Literary Theory Before Yan'an Speech

From the early 1920s to the Yan'an Forum on literature and art(hereinafter referred to as the "forum"),Marxist literary theory in China has realized the development process from immature to mature,from theoretical imitation,according to the actual situation of China,and finally to realize the Sinicization.As a kind of exogenous theory,the development and dissemination of Marxist literary theory in China can not be separated from the efforts of individuals,but also from the promotion of various literary and art organizations and journals.Before the Speech,based on the organizational form,the development and dissemination of Marxist literary theory in China can be divided into three periods:The period of mass organizations(1921-1930,mainly based on literary mass organizations),the period of"Leftist League"(1930-1936,mainly based on "Leftist League”for communication and development),the period of early Yan'an Literature and art(1937-1942,based on the development of various types of organizations).In different historical periods,the development and dissemination of Marxist literary theory have different organizational modes,showing different organizational characteristics.These organizational features contain both advantages and limitations,which bring some negative effects while promoting the development of Marxist literary theory in China.In addition,there are also internal relations between the organizational forms of different stages.The organizational forms of the next stage are not only inherited from the previous stage,but also transcendent.They also present new problems at the same time of transcendence.But whether it is transcendence or problem,it becomes the starting point of the next stage.In this kind of organizational change and evolution,Marxist literary theory is constantly advancing.Marxist literary theory has always been closely linked with the development of the Communist Party of China.In different stages,the Communist Party of China has more or less participated in the development of Marxist literary theory in China,and become an indispensable part of the organizational form:During the period of mass organizations,the Communists mainly participated in the development of Marxist literary theory as individuals,and the Communist Party of China,as an organization,basically did not participate in this process;during the period of "Leftist League",the Communist Party of China participated in this process with its leading mass literary organization-"Leftist League",but was greatly limited by objective conditions,especially in the "Leftist League";In the early stage of Yan'an Literature and art,the Communist Party of China directly organized and led the development of Marxist literary theory,but the loose connection between the party and literary and art organizations had not completely changed.The limitations of the CPC's participation in the process of Sinicization of Marxist literary theory as an organization mainly come from two aspects:first,due to the limitations of objective historical conditions,the lack of intervention and leadership;second,due to the lack of experience and the wrong ideas within the party,some mistakes have been made.During the period of mass organizations,the development and dissemination of Marxist literary theory mainly relied on literary mass organizations.As the main way of theoretical development in this period,Literary Association has obvious advantages:The way of group argument and radical strategy of argument make Marxist literary theory gain the attention of literary circle in a short time,so Marxist literary theory has won a certain development space after that;literary community integrates creation,criticism and theoretical research,theorists in the community are closely connected with the current literary circle and text,and theory and literary practice interact,which makes Chinese Marxism From the beginning,literary theory has a practical character;in the process of the debate,various societies have done a lot of translation work in order to find theoretical weapons that are beneficial to themselves,which laid a foundation for them to unite and establish the "Leftist League".At the same time,limitations also exist objectively:theorists in the community are hard to change,based on the interests of the community first position,which makes them consciously choose,even misunderstand,distort,when they advocate a certain theory,leading to the theory of narrow,extreme;literary community as a group organization,its group behavior in thinking and decision-making characteristics,contribute to The tendency of "left" suppresses the development of pluralistic views in left-wing literature;the traces of feudal patriarchal system left by modern Chinese literary societies lead to the opinions of every family in order to flaunt their own views,busy with meaningless arguments and internal friction,and the academic discrimination is not carried out seriously,which is not conducive to the discussion of academic issues.On the whole,the development of Marxist literary theory in China in this period is preliminary,immature and has a large area.During the period of the "Leftist League",the development of Marxist literary theory in China was led by the Communist Party of China and supported by the mass literary and art organization "Leftist League".There are some similarities and differences between the "Leftist League" and the literary community in the community period.The commonness lies in:in the way of survival of the community,they all adopt radical and foreign polemical survival strategies;in the personnel relationship,the relationship between the common allies is relatively loose,with journals as the link.The difference lies in:from the standpoint,the primary factor for the establishment of the"Leftist League" is the consistency of political standpoint,while the literary societies in the society period are basically the same people's societies,more of which take the consistency of literary viewpoint and interest as the collective factor;from the organizational structure,the"Leftist League" is more closely organized than the ordinary literary societies,and there is more than one organizational structure,the party League.The advantage of the "Leftist League" lies in:under the leadership of the Communist Party of China,the left-wing literary and art groups and individuals in the literary world are all under the command of the party,which makes the left-wing literary and art circles end the continuous confusion of controversy and preserve and strengthen the left-wing literary and art forces.Marxist literary theory has also achieved fruitful results,and achieved the initial localization in China.There are also some limitations in the development of Marxist Literary Theory:first,there are two leading cores within the"Leftist League"-the party and the league and Lu Xun.Because of the uncertainty of the "contact person" in the later stage of the "Leftist League" and the non face-to-face mode of communication,the communication between the two cores is not smooth,which is not conducive to the in-depth development of the "Leftist League" literary activities;second,The "Leftist League" is a new type of literature organization dominated by the association among societies,which makes the organizational foundation of the "Leftist League" weak,and the internal ideological differences are not always controversial,resulting in internal division and estrangement.Finally,the "Leftist League" is a member of the"international revolutionary writers' union".The tendency of leftist and mechanistic in the Marxist literary theory of the Soviet Union also has a direct impact on the "Leftist League" influence.In the early stage of Yan'an Literature and art,the social environment at home and abroad changed a lot.The establishment of the Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia Border Region Government of the Communist Party of China provides a relatively stable social environment for the development of Marxist literary theory in China,where Marxist literary theory has a relatively free and diversified development space.Therefore,before the symposium,various types of literary and art organizations flourished.Roughly divided,these literary and art organizations include two types,one is the intellectual literary association with free association,the other is the literary and art group with literary and art performance as the main part.The former mainly inherits the tradition of the left wing literature and art in the Kuomintang controlled area,and the latter inherits the literature and art in the Soviet area.These flourishing literary and art organizations partially overcome the closed door doctrine and sectarianism in the later period of the left wing League,which is the transcendence of them.The biggest characteristic of the organizational form in this period is that the high-level leaders of the Communist Party of China pay close attention to and guide the development of Marxist literary theory.However,there are some limitations in the literary and art organizations before the symposium,which are mainly reflected in the following aspects:first,there is a large number,many kinds and rich levels,but there is no unified management of a core leading organization,which results in the separation of literary and art organizations.Although the general direction of literary and artistic activities is clear,the specific problems are that the work efficiency of each unit is not high due to the estrangement and estrangement;secondly,the literary and artistic activities before the Speech were generally carried out in a relatively free atmosphere,which was of positive significance at that time,but also had its negative side in the wartime struggle between the enemy and ourselves,for example,some literary and artistic groups were too scattered and lack of discipline and collective consciousness,individualism and so on seriously affect the depth of literary and art activities,and even some deviation.All of these have become the important background of Yan'an Literature and Art Symposium and Speech.The conclusion part includes three aspects:first,it summarizes the organizational characteristics of the development and communication of Marxist literary theory in China in different periods before the speech and the positive and negative influence of this characteristic on the theoretical development;second,it combs the promotion of some important sub propositions of Marxist literary theory under the three organizational forms.In fact it is another angle of view to interpret the theme of the paper;finally,it summarizes the background of the formation of the Speech and the inheritance and Transcendence of the Speech to the previous development of Marxist literary theory.