Research On Zhang Lvxiang's Succession Of Teachings From Masters,Fellow Students And Disciples

Zhang Lvxiang,a well-known scholar in the early Qing Dynasty,and his writings were edited into 54 volumes by later generations and included in the Complete Works of Mr.Yang Yuan.After the death of the Ming Dynasty,Zhang Lvxiang refused to serve in the Qing Dynasty.He gave up the imperial examinations and lived in seclusion in the countryside.He established a academy to teach apprentices and died as an ordinary person.Zhang Lu-xiang's growth as a famous scholar was closely related to the enlightenment teachings of his early teachers Sun Taiheng,Lu Shiyong,Zhu Dongwei and Fu Guangyue.When he became an adult,Zhang Lvxiang visited famous teachers in other places,and then learned about Huang Daozhou and Liu Zongzhou.Zhang Lvxiang's worship of Wang Yangming's theory of mind in his early years and Zhu Xi's theory in later years was closely related to his acceptance of Liu Zongzhou's theory of "prudence and independence" and "sincerity".Zhang Lvxiang,who attached great importance to talking about scholars and discussing friends,was an important member of the Ming Dynasty's adherents in his hometown of Western Zhejiang.In his early years,Yan Tong was the most affectionate fellow student;Chen Que was the most harmonious but different among his friends;Ling Kezhen was the one who had deep friendship when holding funerals;Lu Liuliang was the fellow who was consistent with his academic purpose and jointly respected Cheng-Zhu's Neo-Confucianism when teaching;and there were also friends who talked about learning by letters,such as Cao Xu and Shen Yi.Therefore,the depth and breadth of friendship directly affected or changed the establishment of Zhang Lvxiang's academic thought and political position.Zhang Lvxiang's students came from all over the world;they either originated from the collection of apprentices,or were admirers of famous teacher.He paid attention to summing up teaching experience,and his so-called twelve teaching viewpoints were representative.Zhang Lvxiang's teaching practice also reflected his academic turn from Wang's theory to Zhu's.Zhang Lvxiang's group activities with his fellows and disciples were frequent.They were committed to rebuilding the rural order,paying attention to the end of the old age,and advocating the change of customs.All these reflected the feelings of a generation of scholars.Communication of good teachers and friends is benefit to Zhang Lvxiang as a great scholar of a generation.Its broad,practical and realistic learning features have revealed the learning style of beginners in the Qing Dynasty,and embodied its shift from righteousness to textual research.Zhang Lu-xiang's learning has been widely admired.His academic thought and practical spirit set an example for future generations.