| Since the 20th century, the academic history of the Qing Dynasty has been the focus of attention. As the first group of scholars of 20th century: Zhang Taiyan, Liu Shipei, Liang Qichao, Liu Yizhi,Qian Mu, Hu Shi, Hou Wailu, Zhang Shunhui and so on, they not only received Chinese traditional education, but also actively adopt new knowledge. Compared with the traditional scholars, they collated and summarized the academic history of the Qing Dynasty those based on their growth environment, the impact of different academic thought and different social purposes. Why do so many scholars study the academic history of the Qing Dynasty? Because the academic was prosperity at the time of academic transformation in the first half of the twentieth century, The spread of scientific concepts around May Fourth Movement and the rising of the new Sinology caused the scholars to concern the academic History of the Qing Dynasty, there was a universal psychological demands when they went back to summary the the Academic History of the Qing Dynasty. Among the many schliars, Zhang Taiyan, Liu Shipei, Liang Qichao and Qian Mu were distinguished representative becacse they opended a new trend of the research on the academic History of the Qing Dynasty.Zhang Taiyan was the first person who with new ideas, new methods to study the academic history of the Qing Dynasty in the 20th century. He summaryed the academic of the Qing Dynasty in Qingru and he published some articles about Qingxue. Liu Shipei also engaged in study on the academic History of the Qing Dynasty in the early 20th Century. As a fellow of Zhang Taiyan, there are both inheritance and beyond of the research of History of Qing Dynasty by Zhang Taiyan, corresponding supplement is also for the research of history of Qing Dynasty by Zhang taiyan. On issues such as the positioning of the Qing beginner Scholar Gu Yanwu, the distribution of the Qian-Jia school, the cause of the academic of Qing Dynasty, Zhang Taiyan discourse had an important impact on later scholars. The discussion on the source of the Qing Dynasty by Liu Shipei complemented the lack of Zhang Taiyan, defined on the Sinology, summary of the confucianism in Qing studies characteristics, staging of the Qing Dynasty, these all fill the gaps of the research of Zhang Taiyan. Because they based on the needs of the revolution of Qing Dynasty, their nationatism principle was very obvious when they dischssed the academic history of Qing Dynasty. Based on their own academic origin and discontented of Reformists, they Preference confucian classics scholars to contemporary classics scholars. Overall, although there is no masterwork about the research of History of Qing Dynasty of them, but as the openers of the research of History of Qing Dynasty in the early 20th century, they have the power to create indelible.Jinshizhixueshu is a maiden work to Liang Qichao research the learning of Qing Dynasty in 1904, the work was obviously affected by Zhang Taiyan's. Qingdaixueshugailun and Academic History of China of the Past 300 Years were published in 1920s. He made important contributions to the Academic History of the Qing Dynasty and these books broaden our horizon about the amademic of Qing Dynasty. He studied in detail several aspects: he proposed a new theory"Cheng-Zhu Confucianism Counteraction"about cause of the academic of Qing Dynasity, he Consolidated the Master position of Sinology in Qing of Gu Yanwu, he commended Qian-Jia school, he evaluated the lateQing scholarship that was objective compared with Zhang Taiyan and was consistent with the reality of history compared with Qian Mu. Although he achieved results, but there were insufficient, such as he cuted off contact between the Academic History of the Qing Dynasty and Confucian Philosophy of the Song and Ming Dynasties,he put the the Academic History of the Qing Dynasty compared to Renaissance that was incorrect, he showed the contradiction between the academic and though and so on. These faults must be concerned when we researched the works of Qing dynasty's academic of Liang Qichao.The research of history of Qing Dynasty by Qian Mu focus on the discovery of Qing Dynasty's Confucian Philosophy of the Song and Ming Dynasties, bring the history of the Qing Dynasty in the 20th century into the depth of research. Because he dissatisfied the style around the 1930s, Stimulation of national crisis and launched an attack on the History of the Qing Dynasty of Liang writings, So he decided to open the academic history of China of the Past 300 Years courses in the Peking University, Thus also achieved a masterpiece of the research of Academic History of China of the Past 300 Years. There were many views unlike with Liang in this book, Such as: the cause of the academic of Qing Dynasty, Qian Mu proposed the"Advancement after each transformation"; he affirmed Gu Yanwu status, but he also pointed out that Gu Yanwu was not the originator of the Sinology in Qing, and detailed analysised of this issue; Relative to the beam on the Qian-Jia school, he pointed out that the Textual research was not enough to actually learning the whole; He also criticized the New Texts School of the late Qing. At the same time he discovered the Qing Dynasty's Confucian Philosophy of the Song and Ming Dynasties. In the Preface and Contents of Academic Biographies of the Qing Confucian Scholars, the Confucian Philosophy of the Song and Ming Dynasties was the main line, and phased the Academic History of the Qing Dynasty. The evaluation of Zhang was different from the Orthodox Conception of History of the criticism of Zhang Taiyan for Zhang Xuecheng, also different from the tribute to the historical results of Liang for Zhang Xuecheng, but from the perspective of the avocation of the Confucian Philosophy of the Song and Ming Dynasties, expounded on Zhang Xuecheng, positive attitude on the criticism of Zhang Xuecheng for Dai Zhen. Of course, the research of History of Qing Dynasty by Qian Mu could be opened to question more, Such as Qian Mu Only from the aspect of Academic truth to evaluate the New Texts School of the late Qing, he rarely talked about Western on the Academic of Qing Dynasty, On a one-sided at the criticism of the Qian-Jia Sinology and the evaluation of the Dai Zhen.All in all, from the beginning research by Zhang Taiyan, Subsequently, by Lin Shipei on studying the Academic of Qing Dynasty among modern scholars. Overachievers after Zhang and Liu, Liang Qichao and Qian Mu should be elected; Especially Qian caught up and studied in depth. In this paper, the first half of the 20th century for the study period, Selected as the main object of study for contribution to the larger on the research of Academic History of Qing Dynasty by Zhang Taiyan, Liu Shipei, Liang Qichao, Qian Mu. I am tried to reveal the history of this period of the Qing Dynasty in the characteristics and effects. I hope that this paper can play a catalytic role for the research of Modern academic history. |
