Social Management Of Mongolian Settlements In Xinjiang In The Republic Of China From The Perspective Of County System Reform

During the Republic of China,the county system reform in the Mongolian inhabited areas in Xinjiang could be divided into two periods,Beiyang Government and Nanjing National Government.And the starting point of the two reforms and the purpose of setting up counties were different.During this period,Beiyang Government chose the double-track mode to social management of the areas inhabited by Mongolian in Xinjiang.On the one hand,it indirectly controlled Mongolian Grass-roots Society through Union and Banner Organization;on the other hand,it directly managed the disputes between ethnic groups and social affairs involving Mongolian people outside the league-banner system,and made all kinds of policy to influence the Mongolian inhabited areas at the grass-roots level,strengthen the cultivation national outlook,to shift their notion,lay the foundation for the later further county system reformDuring the period of the Nanjing national government,the political situation in Xinjiang was relatively stable,and the government of Xinjiang started to modernize the league-and-bannersystem in Xinjiang,so as to weaken the power of league-banner system and gradually strengthen the social administration of the the areas inhabited by Mongolian in Xinjiang.With successful county reform,governments at all levels have occupied a dominant position in the social governance of the Mongolian inhabited areas in xinjiang.great changes have taken place in Xinjiang Mongolian social structure,social organization system has had the unprecedented changeThe county system reform in the Republic of China,firstly,strengthened the social administrationof the border areas and solved the security problems caused by the refugees.Secondly,it mobilized the initiative of social construction in Mongolian inhabited areas,promoted its economic and cultural development,and perfected its new education system.Thirdly,it facilitated the economic development in Mongolian inhabited areas,the economic exchanges and the integration of all ethnic groups,and thus maintained the stability of Xinjiang.Finally,it fastened the modernization of social management in Mongolian inhabited areas,promoting the pluralism and modernization of social dispute resolution mechanism in these areas and the formation of a modern administrative system at the county levelTaking Mongolian inhabited areas in Xinjiang during the period of the Republic of China as the research object and the county system reform as the standpoint,this paper discusses the social management changes of the league-banner system in the development stage of the Republic of China,including the studies on the influences of the similarities and differences between Beiyang Government and Nanjing National Government in the county reform on social management and changes,aiming to reveal the role of state in social management in the social development and integration of Xinjiang Mongolian inhabited areas.This paper is divided into the following five parts:The introduction is mainly to discuss the purpose and significance of the research,to sort out the current research trends in domestic and foreign academic circles,and to introduce the research path and organization of the paper in general.The first chapter starts from the introduction of the origin and distribution of Mongolian in Xinjiang,and discusses the social management mode of traditional Mongolian unions and league-banner unions,as well as its role and influence in the social production and life Mongolian inhabited areas in Xinjiang.The second chapter discusses the reasons why the league-banner system can be preserved and extended in Xinjiang and its role in the development of Mongolian areas.At the same time,it studies the Mongolian league-banner structure and its reform in management system in the early Republic of China,analyzes the similarities and differences between the Republic of China and the Qing Dynasty before the county reform,and further explores the ways to strengthen the social management role of the state in the Mongolian inhabited areas in Xinjiang,as well as in the Republic of China.The social governance model,the combination of the state,the local and ethnic groups,was formed.The third chapter analyzes the influences of the implementation of various policies from central and local government on Mongolian in Xinjiang during the period of Beiyang Government,and discusses the county reform and its reasons.Moreover,it summarizes the approaches to social management by Beiyang Government,followed by the exploration of the trend in social dispute resolution mechanism and its influence in the social management within league-banner system.The fourth chapter analyzes the influence of the implementation of various policies from the central and local government on Mongolian in Xinjiang during the Republican period.It probes into the process and the reasons of county system reform in Mongolian inhabited areas in Xinjiang in this period.In addition,it summarizes the social ways that Beiyang Government manages Xinjiang Mongolian,and then discusses the development of modern education,and the influences of the social management in Mongolian inhabited areas in Xinjiang.The conclusion section summarizes reasons and shortcomings of the reform led by Beiyang government and Nanjing national government,and its influence on Xinjiang Mongolian.It holds that the county reform of Xinjiang in Nanjing national government breaks the original division of social space based on ethnic groups in Xinjiang,uniting the north and south frontiers of Xinjiang and forming benign interaction among different ethnic groups and different areas to facilitate the modernization of social management in Mongolian inhabited areas.