A Study Of Mongolian Salt In Heshuote Banner Of Alxa In The Qing Dynasty

Mongolian salt is the hereditary industry of Mongolian Lord of Zasak and is under the management of the Lord of Zasak.Salt revenue is one of the major sources of income for the Qoxuut Banner of Alxa League and local Herdsmen in the Qing Dynasty.The salt lake of Qoxuut Banner of Alxa League is abundant and yields rich.With the best-selling salt produced in the Alxa r in the early years of of Jiaqing emperor,the Qing court and the Mongolian Banner ebtered a new phase in the management,marketing,and taxation of Alashan salt,which has a great impact on later generations.For example,due to the best sales of Alxa Salt in the Mainland led to the slow sales of salt in Hedong and other places,seriously affect the mainland salt taxation and many other aspects.Later,under the compulsion of Emperor Jiaqing,Prince Alxa contributed Jilantai Salt lake to the Qing court,Since then,Jilantai Salt lake has become lead salt and salt lead field as official salt and inland salt;The poor management of the Alxa Salt in the Qing court caused losses year after year.In the 1813 of Jiaqing,the Qing court returned the Jilantai Salt lake to Prince Alxa;With the management of Mongolian salt by Prince Alxa,there was a complete system of operating salt in the middle and late Qing Dynasty.For the first time,this paper systematically uses the Mongolian,Chinese,Manchu archives,official history books and previous studies of the archives of the Alxa Left Banner Archives,the First Historical Archives of China,the National Library of China,and the Library of the National Committee for the compilation of Qing History.On the basis of a more comprehensive and systematic discussion on the management of the Mongolian salt by the Qing court and Qoxuut Banner of Alxa League.The full text consists of three parts:introduction,text and conclusion.The introduction part explains the origin of the topic and the significance of research,the review of academic history,basic historical materials and research methods.The first chapter mainly discusses the general situation of the Qoxuut Banner of Alxa League and the distribution of salt lake,among which the specific location of the Qlanjan Taoli Salt lake was verified.In addition,the reason for the contribution of Jiratai Salt lake to the Qing court was discussed.The second chapter discusses in detail the production methods of Mongolian salt and the management of Mongolian salt by the Qing court and Mongolia Banner.1.Mongolian Banner managed the set up of salt officials in Dengkou,Jiratai Salt lake,Yaborai Salt lake,and the border areas.2.Through the case of Alxa Salt in the Qing Dynasty at the time of the Mongolian Banner trial,the management of Mongolian Salt and some concrete measures were combed out.3.The management of Jiratai Salt in the 1806-1813 including investment,salt tax,salt lead field,and set up of officials.The third chapter mainly discusses the tools,processes,personnel,routes,quantities,taxes,etc.of the Mongolian salt.For the first time in this chapter,it is proposed that the Sumu,Bag,temple,official transportation of Mongolian salt are used as the unit;Changes in the personnel of Mongolian salt and their causes;The Mongolian Banner taxes on Mongolian salt include both the lake tax and the grassland tax,and further explain the reasons for collecting the grassland tax;At the end of the Qing Dynasty,as the Qing government signed a number of unequal treaties,the Qing government's fiscal position was on the verge of bankruptcy,and in order to expand the country's fiscal and taxation sources,it increased taxes on Mongolian salt.The conclusion part summarizes the operation and management of Mongolian salt in Qoxuut Banner of Alxa League and Qing court in the Qing Dynasty,and summarizes the progress,breakthrough,limitations and deficiencies of this article.