A Study On The Protection Of Cultural Resources In Yichang Reservoir Area Of The Three Gorges From The Cultural And Ecological Perspective

The Three Gorges Project is the largest project ever constructed in China in 20th Century.During the period of construction,19 villages from Jiangjin,Sichuan to Yichang,Hubei(about 632 square kilometers)have been flooded,112 towns have been relocated,more than 1.1 million immigrants have bid farewell to their homeland.The special environment of the Three Gorges and the cohesive atmosphere of the native land are the realistic foundation for the emergence and development of the Three Gorges cultures.The Three Gorges Project has changed the natural ecological environment of this area and also influenced the inheritance of the cultures for thousands of years.Taking the completion of the Three Gorges Project as the time node,under the premise of the new era background and its own predicament,the dissertation is to comb the cultural resources of the Three Gorges and their historical development context,to manifest their independent character and distinct features and to discuss the practice of cultural resources protection in the Three Gorges,which is of positive significance for the inheritance and development of the regional cultures in the modern transformation.From the perspective of cultural ecology,this dissertation adopts the methods of historical literature research,systematic research,empirical analysis,interdisciplinary research and so on,to study on the protection of cultural resources of Yichang Reservoir Area of the Three Gorges in three historical periods,which are "the pre-Three Gorges Project era","the Three Gorges Project era" and"the Post-Three Gorges Project era".Chapter One is mainly to discuss the research background,which summarizes the development and research of cultural ecology at home and abroad,puts forward the research ideas,main contents and research methods of this dissertation.It also defines the key terms of "the culture of Yichang Reservoir Area of the Three Gorges","cultural resources" and others to lay a theoretical foundation for the study.Chapter Two discuss the constitution of the cultural ecosystem of Yichang Reservoir Area of the Three Gorges in the era of pre-Three Gorges Project.Following the system of cultural ecosystem,the cultural ecology of the Yichang Reservoir Area of the Three Gorges is analyzed from three aspects,which are natural geographical environments,economy and mode of production,as well as society and humanistic environments.Chapter Three respectively discuss the types and characteristics of the cultural resources formed on this basis.As a kind of empirical research,"the need of the development of cultural industry" is regarded as the logical starting point,and the basic classification standard of "the way to obtain cultural resources" is established.Hence,the regional cultural resources of "the pre-Three Gorges Project era" are divided into three categories:material-demonstration cultural resources,behavior-transition cultural resources and script-video-recorded cultural resources.The basic cultural ecology and the characteristics of cultural resources in the pre-Three Gorges era are summarized by systematic analysis and resources classification.Chapter Four is mainly to elaborate the changes of cultural ecosystem and the practice of cultural resources protection in Yichang Reservoir Area of the Three Gorges Project in the Three Gorges Project era.The main changes of the ecosystem in the era are the followings:the changes of the natural environments by the construction of the Three Gorges Project,the impact of the resettlement on the cultural heritages,the remolding of the media environments by the difference of value between China and the Western,which all bring about the changes of cultural resources.The era of the Three Gorges Project is also significance for the rescue and protection of the Three Gorges cultural resources.In the time race between construction and resources rescue,the state has made positive attempts,which are to carry out the centralized protection of relocation and reconstruction,to move from rebuilding the original ecology to setting up the new ecology,and to upgrade from trying to protect a single cultural item to protect the whole cultural space.The above research explains the interaction between cultures and environments and that the cultural ecosystem is a non-equilibrium system of continuous information exchanges.Based on the analysis of cultural ecosystem and cultural changes,Chapter Five puts forward the new trends of cultural ecology in Yichang Reservoir Area of the Three Gorges in the "Post-Three Gorges Era" and the reflection on the practice of cultural resources protection.The new trends of cultural ecology are the urban construction under the background of relocation and reconstruction,the value orientation under the background of cultural economy and the policy guarantee under the background of legal protection.In this context,as far as the respective characteristics of each cultural resource are concerned,material-demonstration cultural resources,behavior-transition cultural resources and script-video-recorded cultural resources respectively have different tendencies of scenery,quiescence and popularization because of their own connotations.At the same time,when the overall cultural ecosystem is subjected to external shocks beyond the "ecological threshold",the structures at all levels will be surrendered to defects and changes and be easy to have the tendencies of fragmentation,homogeneity and utilitarianism.Chapter Six is to put forward the strategic research of the path of regional cultural resources protection based on the diachronic study on the cultural ecology and cultural resources protection in Yichang Reservoir Area of the Three Gorges.On the basis of the retrospective analysis of the foundational and programmatic documents and advanced conservation experiences of international cultural resources protection,the dissertation proposes the basic path and strategy of regional cultural resource protection from the two perspectives of ontology protection.Firstly,from ontology protection based on ontology,the dissertation puts forward classified protection based on cultural characteristics,hierarchical protection based on cultural processes and spatial protection based on cultural logic.Secondly,from the perspective of resources protection on cultural ecosystem,it puts forward environmental protection based on economic developments,science and technology promotion based on innovation,system guarantee based on mechanism system and value guidance based on cultural consciousness.By the protection of cultural resources,resources can be coordinated with their ecosystems,and ultimately achieve the conservation and sustainable development of cultural diversity.