The Ideal Picture Of Rawls’ Well-ordered Society And Its Reflection

In Rawls’ view,a basic fact of modern democratic society is rationable pluralism and the profound and lasting social division it brings.The conflicting comprehensive doctrines are full of social life,and the whole of social life is disintegrated.This is Rawls’ unique diagnosis of the plight of modernity.How to realize social unity,and then reshape the whole of social life,has become the main problem consciousness of Rawls’ later political philosophy.As a result,Rawls constructed the ideal picture of well-ordered society,aiming to reach a consensus among members of society who have been deeply divided on the principles of political justice applied to the basic structure of society.If we jump out of the conceptual system and logical framework of Rawls’ political philosophy,we will find that well-ordered society is not as well-ordered as it is described,and its justice is only at the political level.Firstly,Rawls’ well-ordered society " hangs other values closely related to human existence,and its principle of political justice swings between comprehensive doctrines and expediency.Secondly,Rawls’ well-ordered society" can not respond to the ethical dilemma brought by "market society","labor becomes commodity" and property republic.Thirdly,Rawls’ well-ordered society only regards distribution as a simple delivery of rights and obligations,interests and duties.It is in the above sense that the justice dimension of Rawls’ well-ordered society only exists in the conceptual system and logical framework of his political philosophy.Therefore,we must,on the basis of drawing on other ideological resources,endow Rawls’ well-ordered society with the dimension of "beyond justice".The so-called "beyond justice" is to go beyond the usual understanding of justice to embark on a "revolution in terminology" in the understanding of justice.People usually limit justice to the political level,and justice is understood as a kind of political justice.In fact,politics is not a self-contained field in itself,and it is subject to the way of people existence.Therefore,the requirement of "beyond justice" is to extend the object of justice from the political sphere to the way of human existence.As far as the way of human existence is concerned,the so-called justice is characterized by the connotation logic of "actual man".The connotation logic was first revealed by Hegel.In Hegel,the subject of the connotation logic is "thought".Unlike Hegel,the real subject of Marx’s connotation logic is "actual man".Based on this,Marx can scientifically point out the realistic path of human liberation,that is,communism.Therefore,the ideal picture of well-ordered society not only contains the dimension of political justice.In order to realize the ideal picture of well-ordered society,we must realize a "Copernicus revolution" on the level of human existence.On the one hand,we should deepen Marx’s criticism of political economy under the new historical conditions,and tame the capital logic at the macroscopic level making capital become a tool of human beings.On the other hand,we should learn from the beneficial achievements of contemporary bio-politics criticism,and enlighten the revolutionary subject at the microcosmic level,making people regain the class consciousness of the proletariat.From this point of view,starting from the way of human existence,the well-ordered society has dual dimension of "political justice" and "beyond justice"."Political justice" is related to the daily operation of well-ordered society,and "beyond justice" is related to the future trend of well-ordered society.