On Vygotsky And The Marxist Origins Of Soviet New Psychology

Scientific psychology was born in Germany in 1879,from then on to today,in the development history of more than one hundred years,the mainstream psycho-logy system in the West has accommodated many psychology schools and their theories.Although there have been several Marxist-oriented psychological theories,but as an indispensable branch of the modern scientific psychology system,Marxist-psychology has not really entered the field of mainstream psychology in the West,and never officially become a part of mainstream western psychology,this is a regrettable fact,the root cause is worth ponde-ring by contemporary psychologists.In sharp contrast,under the influence and support of the official ideology of the Socialist Soviet Union,and combining the social background of the Soviet Union in the first half of the 20th century,the development history of Soviet Russian psychology is unique,represented by Vygotsky,a group of Soviet Russian psychologists founded the Marxist theory system of psychology,and made it be the mainstream system of Soviet Russian psychology.Since then,during the Soviet period,the mainstream position of Marxist psychology in the academic field of Soviet psychology had never changed,among them,Social and cultural history theory and Subjective psychology were the most representative.There is a unique research field within the system of Soviet Marxist psychology,that is the Marxist cultural psychology,it was based on the social,cultural and historical theories of the Vygotsky School,and combined the Marxist features of Soviet social culture,advanced along an independent development path.Until now,if we look at the history of modern and contemporary psychology around the world,"Marxist cultural psychology" is still a unique branch of Soviet-Russian psychology.Back in the 1920s,at that time,in order to solve and cope with the crisis of disciplinary division,which was faced by scientific psychology,based on a comprehensive reflection of traditional psychology theory and practice,Vygotsky tried to establish a completely new type of psychology in the Soviet Union.He founded the theory of society,culture and history,and regarded it as the main theory of the new Russian psychology system,it was also the prototype of "Marxist cultural psychology".This paper focuses on the Marxist origins of the social,cultural and historical theoretical systems,the specific discussion starts from the following aspects:"consciousness" and "unconscious" theory,the origin and development theory of advanced mental function,instrumental theory,symbolic theory,thinking and speech theory.Among them,the most representative theories are the origin and development theory of advanced mental function,thinking and speech theory,that is the fourth and sixth chapters of this article,and it is also the two key chapters.Next,in order to understand Marxist psychology more comprehensively,the 7th chapter briefly introduces and analyzes the Marxist orientation in the study of foreign psychology theory,including the establishment and development of Soviet Russian Marxist psychology,and the Marxist orientation in the study of modern western psychology Theory.Then,in the 8th chapter,the author elaborates the influence of the new Soviet-Russian psychology on China,mainly includes the following three aspects:Under the influence of Soviet-Russian psychology,Chinese psychologists strive to establish Marxist psychology in China;Why has China not yet established its own "Marxist Cultural Psychology";The revelation of Vygotsky s road to the establishment and development of "Marxist Cultural Psychology" in contemporary China.Finally,in the conclusion part of this paper,the author summarizes the innovative contributions and difficulties of this Research.