The Western Zhou Dynasty's Foreign Service System And The Study Of Dynasty Borderland Rule

The organizational structure and management of early states are important part of the study of early civilization.As an important dynasty of the early China,the way of power functioning and political geography of the Western Zhou Dynasty are the top priority of historical research.The Internal and External system(内外服制)of literature records of the Shang and Zhou Dynasty is the focus of ancient and modern historiography.With the discovery of archaeological materials,especially the explain of bone inscriptions and bronze inscriptions,the Internal and External system serving as a historical period of the existence of literature rather than virtual language of the operation of state power,more and more recognition and attention in academic circles.The External System(外服制)is an important measure to control the implementation of the Western Zhou Dynasty,Dynasty under the jurisdiction of the territory.Through the way of feudal vassal state,the Western Zhou Dynasty took control of Hou and other means,the important role of access to important resources and achieve Dynasty empire.This paper mainly in the Western Zhou period Internal and External system especially External system as the center,to explore the service rule of the Zhou dynasty,and combined with the latest achievements of archaeology,especially the new bronze inscriptions,exploring the frontier rule under the influence of the External System.First,around the traditional literature on the various aspects of internal and external services,we can basically conclude that there are three different systems for describing the problem of internal and external services in the literature:Official of Internal system and Hou,Dian(甸),Nan system,Wu Fu system and Jiu Fu system.These systems are both reasonable and contradictory.Official is part of Internal system and Hou,Dian(甸),Nan is External system in the early Western Zhou Dynasty.Later The king bestowed Dian(奠)land on the nobility,hence became Dian Jing,Dian Guo in the bronze inscription,and new system was created.Then old system changed,the Capital Area was formed.This was formed a new system which Dian Fu of internal and Hou Fu of external by taking Capital Area as the boundary.Second,through the comparison of traditional literature and inscriptions and textual research,the Guoyu(《国语》)written by Hou Fu(侯服),Bin Fu(宾服),Yao Fu(要服月),Huang Fu(荒服)to shortage four dressing record is consistent with the External System of the Western Zhou dynasty.The core of The External System is Hou Fu.The implementation of this system is feudal lords and by their military functions.This is an important component of the political geography of the Western Zhou Dynasty.The system is realized by feudal lords,which have certain principles and order,usually choosed by royal family.Through the establishment of supervisory officials to maintain rule and control officer appointment are important way to realize the rule by the Western Zhou Dynasty.For the different states,Zhou people usually call Bin Fu,in Zhou Li(《周礼》)and other documents recorded in Sui Fu(绥服),this is the meaning of paying tribute to the king and entertaining guests.Except Hou Fu and Bin fu,Zhou people will southeastern states collectively to the service,to take the bear to pay tribute to the Zhou Dynasty,silk and grain servitude and other obligations.In contrast to this situation,Zhou people of the northwest ethnic minority are called Huang Fu in the literature,the lack of tribute to the Huang Fu is due to the poor living in the West and the lack of materials.The Hou Fu as the center,leading the Bin Fu,controling the Yao Fu and Huang Fu,which constitutes the External System of the Western Zhou Dynasty.Third,typical state of the Hou Fu princes in the South and East frontier of the Western Zhou Dynasty are Qi,Lu,Wei,Teng,Zeng,and the different surname princes like E Hou and Xiang Hou,these kingdoms in the East,South to the border packet,effective control and collection of dynasty in these areas gunnar played an important role.The control of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the southeast Yao Fu countries changed with the influence of the imperial power,and the results of several battles laid the important southern edge of the dynasty.From the perspective of archaeological culture era,in the Han River basin,the middle reaches of the Yangtze River north shore area,are people and regional forces.In the area from Huaihe to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,the Central Plains Style bronzes were also widely found.This shows that it is far away from the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.In the Western Zhou Dynasty,there has also been a stroll around the Zhou culture.Fourth,typical state of the Hou Fu princes in the South and East frontier of the Western Zhou Dynasty are Jin,Yan,Xing,Yang,Han etc.These princes are located in the northern part of Guanzhong Plain,Fenhe valley of Shanxi,and the important part of Taihang Shandong foothills.They are important bases for Zhou people to resist the southern grasslands civilization.These states often hold transportation hub,played on guard of Wang Ji and pioneering territory duty.The archaeology of Gansu,Shanxi in the vicinity of the analysis,such as the Peng Bo or Hei Bo,can confirm the primary side of the country are important as other nations to surrender to the Zhou dynasty.The northern defense line,which is composed of the important states of the West and the north,basically formed the northern border of the Zhou culture expansion in the Western Zhou Dynasty.Fifth,the External System as a political organization,it involves the military system of the Zhou Dynasty,the nature of the state and other aspects.The article discusses the relationship between the important military officials Shi of the Western Zhou Dynasty and the state of the princes.As an important political organization outside the Western Zhou Dynasty,it is in the vast territory of the ruling dynasty has provided a guarantee on the basis of foreign service system has been formed on the Western Zhou Dynasty to the later dynasties,is the initial form of Chinese territory.