Research On The Thoughts Of Ecological Marxism's Development Ethics

Development is the theme of the times,and it is also a difficult problem for mankind.The vision of a better life that is proclaimed by the prevailing values of development does not come true with the rapid growth of GDP.On the contrary,the development of the contemporary society has brought about a serious expansion of the gap between the rich and the poor,the worsening of the ecological environment and the one-sided development of human beings.Aiming at the social,economic.political,ecological and human development problems brought about by the deep division of development and ethics,some scholars began to examine the rationality of development from the perspective of ethics,focusing on what is good development.How to achieve good development?"This core issue is discussed systematically and deeply,and the corresponding ethical ideas of development have been formed.It mainly represented by Goulet Denis,Clark,Gasper Des,Amartya Sen et al.They mainly examine the rationality of development from the following three dimensions.One is to reflect on the traditional one-sided view of economic development.They think that in the modern times while setting the democracy,independence,self-determination and the aim of people for the development of practice,but in fact it is the rapid growth in the pursuit of high efficiency,high wealth and economic development as the basic goal,actually alienation as a means and tools development.The development of "object-centered" has led to a comprehensive alienation in the fields of economy,society,politics and technology.The two is to reconfirm the status of the person's value subject.They emphasize that in the relationship between human and development,development is only means,and talent is the goal.The one-sided development centered on economy and efficiency will reverse the relationship between human and development,resulting in the "false development" and even the adverse consequences of "counter development".The three is to reconstruct the development goal and the way of development.In their view,the fundamental purpose of the development of the abundance of goods is the root cause of the development of alienation.Therefore,we should establish new development goals and focus on pursuing the realization of "beautiful life",which includes "maximizing survival,respect and freedom".In this regard,they advocate the transformation of the growth path of economic centralism,and choose a road of development that takes both economy and ethics,human nature and wealth.However,the following two problems of development ethics at present:one is the ideal construction of development philosophy,development goals and means of development,lack of social and historical dimension of ethics itself,confined to the critical dimension of abstraction and moral development;two is to pay attention to their development while ecological destruction,national inequality and wealth inequality development issues,but did not see the capitalist system and the logic of capital and these issues inherent in collusion.The ecological Marxism adhering to historical materialism explanation framework and analysis paradigm,based on the ecological dimension,in order to achieve the liberation of human and nature as the highest standards of rationality and value orientation,through the development of capitalism and capitalist development values of ethical criticism,reveals the alienation of the capitalist system and the logic of capital and people and the internal relation between natural alienation,formed a kind of development ethics has strong historical materialism foundation of thought.Specifically:First,according to the development of ethics founder Goulet Denis understanding should be development ethics core boils down to "the relationship between man and nature,the development of fair and beautiful life and the relationship between the abundance of goods "of these three aspects,which is also the focus of attention of the ecology theory of Marxism.First,in dealing with the relationship between man and nature,the ecological Marxism that,the deterioration of ecological environment in fact reflects the relationship between people is becoming increasingly tense,therefore,to realize the relationship between people and is the key to resolve the contradiction between man and nature.Second,they pointed out in the development and social justice issues,and in the process of global capitalism in the capital,with control of political power of developing countries and poor ecological resources for the disastrous plunder,caused many social problems and a series of ecological problems,serious damage to the developing countries and the right to development and the right of the poor environment.In their view,in order to realize the development justice,it is necessary to change the unjust international economic and political order controlled by capital and allocate the ecological benefits reasonably.Thirdly,in the relationship between good life and goods richness,they believe that the realization of a better life in capitalist society is to maintain sustained economic growth and accumulate more wealth.However,under the condition of ecological constraints,the myth of unlimited economic growth will eventually be shattered,prompting people to rethink the relationship between goods richness and better life.They pointed out that the reflection of materialistic interpretation to a better life,to redefine the scope and content of growth,to ensure that the vast majority of people can be fair and appropriate access to basic necessities of life,maintaining the sustainability of the natural ecological system,and the pursuit of man and nature and harmonious development.Second,the alienation and the alienation of nature as the main indicator of the development of capitalist society crisis,what is the origin of capitalism abuses of values,unreasonable or capitalism?Aiming at the core issue of this development ethics,the ecological Marxism points out that human society is not the development history of Hagel's absolute concept,but the history of material production based on historical materialism.Therefore,they believe that the cause of human alienation and natural alienation can't be attributed solely to the paranoia of capitalist development values,but should go deep into the economic structure of modern society to explore.In their view,the capitalist system characterized by private ownership and profit maximization is the root cause of natural alienation and human alienation.Among them,the capitalist mode of production,the economic rationality of capitalism and the ecological imperialism are the concrete embodiment of this capitalist system of the supremacy of the profit.They pointed out that only by taking the liberation of man and liberation of nature as the highest goal and value orientation of development and changing the capitalist social system can we finally eliminate the alienation that is latent in development.Third,though the ecological Marxism emphasizes that the fundamental reason for the development crisis is the capitalist social system,they do not deny the important influence of capitalist development values on the development crisis.They emphasize that the change of values should be subordinated to and serve the reform of the system.In general,the development of capitalism values is mainly reflected in the following three aspects:first,the value orientation in the economy,mainly is the infinite growth and economic pursuit of unlimited expansion of the market,so as to realize the unlimited proliferation of capital;second,in science and technology's value orientation,is mainly used to replace the external forces of nature the human body organ work function,through the application and transformation of science and technology to realize the infinite growth of labor productivity;thirdly,the value orientation in the way of life and way of life,is mainly to the possession of wealth and consumption are regarded as the evaluating people happiness and not at all scales,advocate consumerism.The ultimate goal that consumption has become the people all behaviors.The three aspects of the above problems have become the criticism of the ecological Marxism.They oppose the value of capitalist development and regard the unlimited growth of economy,the continuous progress of science and technology and the continuous improvement of consumption as the basic yardstick of social progress.Because in their view,the value of capitalist development based on the view of the western industrial civilization to faithfully serve "profit and production" is the highest goal,which means that it is bound to nature as object of control and exploitation,development mode selection high production,high consumption,the result will inevitably lead to contradictions and conflicts man and nature,leading to increasingly serious crisis and challenge to the survival and development of human beings.Therefore,by changing the irrational development values of capitalism and setting up the correct economic development concept,technological progress view and consumption concept,we will help to eliminate human alienation and natural alienation.Fourth,the ecological Marxism's development ethics as a new applied ethics,how to construct its development ethics in theory and how to carry out and realize its development ethics in practice is an important proposition in this research.Generally speaking,the ecological Marxism advocates the development of their ethical ideas from three dimensions:development goals,development patterns and development principles.First,on the level of development goals,they advocate the establishment of an ideal society that can meet people's basic needs and all-round development,and also maintain natural harmony,that is,ecological socialism society.Secondly,on the aspect of development mode,they believe that in order to achieve sustainable social and ecological development,we must adhere to rational development and moderate development within the scope of carrying capacity of ecological environment.Thirdly,from the perspective of development principles,in their view,we should rectify the abnormal development with capital multiplication as the highest principle and adhere to the principle of "people-centered,green and equal development".On how to realize the development goals of ecological socialism,ecology theory of Marxism pointed out that the current arch-criminal caused increasingly serious ecological crisis of the capitalist system and the mode of production,and the value of technology application and development based on the concept on the basis of further strengthening the existing ecological environment crisis.Therefore,only by fundamentally changing the capitalist social system and on the basis of the change of development values can we ultimately achieve the goal of the development of an ecological socialist society.In general,the ecological Marxism of the development of ethical thought has distinct characteristics and important value.the ecological Marxism's development ecology ethics thought is the ecological Marxism doctrine to root ecology by using historical materialism to explore the environment crisis and the way to solve the logic necessity of the development of ethics theory has its own characteristics,is the essence of historical materialism development ethics a beyond economic growth,as well as the western ethics center doctrine centralism.The ecological Marxism as ecology as a starting point,based on the criticism of ecological crisis of capitalist society not only reveals the capitalist system and the logic of capital is the real cause of ecological crisis,but also the pursuit of human liberation and the liberation of nature as the ultimate goal of the development of human society,and tries to find a realistic way to achieve the liberation and the liberation of nature.Whether it is for how we can better enrich and develop historical materialism,or for us to recognize the essence of capital,how to prevent the negative effects of capital and how to construct the development concept of our new era and promote the construction of ecological civilization has important value and significance.