| Historical materialism is the theory about the general rule of the development of human society in philosophy,which is an important part of marxist philosophy.In the face of today’s increasingly serious ecological problems,Jonathan hughes to dig of Marx’s historical materialism,comb,and a new definition of ecological problem domain,has some think lack of historical materialism,western ecological concern,maintain the ecosystem of the historical materialism,to establish the important position of historical materialism.On this basis,hughes’ deep interpretation of Marx’s need theory and productivity theory,to find the root causes of ecological problems,and put forward the combined with the overall situation of the ecological productivity of ecological development trend,think ecological productivity development not only is the inevitable choice to solve the problem of ecology,but also the necessary premise of the realization of communism.These theories together form the hughes ecological historical materialism thought.To solve the ecological problem,we must first define what is an ecological problem.Jonathan hughes inherited and developed the Marx and Engels’ s view of nature,and to analyze and draw lessons from the western marxist ecological view,and analyzes the philosophy of marxism,on this basis,to establish the ecological problems of research area,the ecological problems ultimately comes down to three categories,namely pollution,resource depletion,and the destruction of the natural ecological system.And the ecological problems are behind,relying on the ecological values of criticism in the human centralism and non-human centralism in the debate to connections to the relationship between the nature and value of the inner,interpretation of Marx’s historical materialism and a generalized ecosystem of the anthropocentrism,and through the narrow and broad historical materialism,draw a contain ecological implication of "generalized anthropocentrism" values,and this kind of "generalized anthropocentrism" are conform to the historical materialism of Marx’s "general" to the understanding of the relationship between man and nature.Hughes believes that historical materialism is not a lack of ecological dimension,and through Marx’s critique of malthus’ population theory,on the ecological dimension extends the core theory of historical materialism,confirmed the historical materialism is not denied "natural limit",but in the limited natural resources and seek a win-win situation between human development.On this basis,hughes continues to explore the method of historical materialism theory,through the historical materialism and metaphysics ecology and reduction method of comparison,seeking common ground while putting aside differences,hughes the ecological method of historical materialism is obtained,that is,historical materialism has research and the most effective way to solve the problem of ecological theory.This gives a full response to Marx’s green critics,and is also an affirmation of the ecological nature of historical materialism.Under this affirmation,hughes with marxist standpoint and method,analysis of the ecological environment and its crisis in contemporary society,and puts forward the principle of "ecological dependence" of historical materialism.Hughes believes that the principle of ecological dependence runs through the process of Marx’s historical materialism.Through the criticism of benton and Blackburn,the author has established that the ecological nature of historical materialism is from the above and beyond,and the historical materialism has never lost the ecological concern.After maintaining the ecological nature of historical materialism,hughes studied how to solve the ecological problems of reality by combining Marx’s needs theory and productivity theory.Marx believed that human nature is the need,and the development of the productive forces is the process that human beings need to be satisfied continuously.Therefore,hughes believes that how to balance the occupation of ecological resources in the process of development is the breakthrough to solve the ecological problems.To implement fully in the process of productivity development and reasonable utilization of ecological resources,first of all,we must promote real need for the development of human beings,abandon the derived by the capitalist private ownership more false desire,because of the development of productive forces is to meet human needs.On this basis,should correctly recognize the technology development is not completely equal to productivity development,blindly pursuing the improvement of labor productivity and ignore the technical development of the liberation of laborer,is narrow,the wrong concept of technology development.This kind of wrong technological development direction will only make the natural resources unceasingly excessive occupation,and the productivity development that it brings,its essence is the serious threat to the ecological whole interest.To fundamentally avoid the cause of ecological problems,we must have a better social form as a guide,so that people can fundamentally change the scope of their needs.Hughes believe that communism is for meeting the needs of human to the ecological environment,communism is also can replace capitalism boarded the stage of history,and fundamentally to solve ecological problems more outstanding social form.As a premise,it is necessary to develop a kind of ecological productivity,hughes believes that Marx’s theory of productivity will appear in the process of practical application "damage effect" and "actuation effect",it can be understood as in the development of productivity,the "revolutionary effect" of two stages.The two different trends that lead to the "revolutionary effect" are the ecological concerns in the process of productivity development.Only could make the ecology productive forces development level of productivity in the end reach the "degree",therefore,necessary for the realization of communism is the development of ecological productivity,because the ecological productivity is the first productivity,the principle of ecological is the sublation of the past all the productivity of the old form and beyond,and it is not created,have long contains in Marx’s theory of productivity.Hughes’ ecological historical materialism thought,clarified the research field of ecological problems and causes,and fundamentally maintained the ecological nature of Marx’s historical materialism;Reveals the plight of capitalism,and for the benign development of productive forces,the real meet human needs,as well as the realization of communism,and other important issues conducted in-depth thinking,and its path and method,and pointed out the direction.However,due to the historical limitation of hughes,there are still some immature and incomplete thoughts.This is mainly embodied in: the need and the moral effect on the ecological problems on overly optimistic and idealistic,the ecological system construction thought is incomplete,the criticism of the bourgeois profound enough,as well as to the interpretation of Marx and Engels thoughts and text too subjective,etc.Therefore,we need to get enlightenment from a dialectical perspective in the process of learning and interpreting hughes’ ecological historical materialism.As a replacement for the new age marxist theory,we should be in accordance with contact and development point of view,under the guidance of 19 large,combined with the new era of China’s national conditions,will continue to deepen and expand the historical materialism,vigorously strengthen the research for the ecological problems,plump itself have ecological significance.Guided by the concept of green development,supported by ecological science and technology,based on ecological economy model,on the ecological system to protect,develop the ecological productivity,solve the ecological problems at an early date,complete the construction of ecological civilization,to build a well-off society in an all-round way,the realization of communism. |
