The Thinking Evolution Of Fictions Criticism From Ming And Qing Dynasties To Early Modern Times

Fiction criticism from Ming and Qing Dynasties to early modern times as an important element in the transformation process of ancient Chinese literature criticism into modern times,is involved in extremely complicated conceptual work,therefore they can be assessed in the research perspective of critical thinking.Although many discussions of adaptability of ancient literary theory in modern times and characteristic of thought have been respectively made,synthetic researches on the integration of both of them are insufficient.This paper conducts researches on the evolution of thought of fiction criticism from Ming and Qing Dynasties to early modern literary theory trying to clarify thought direction of transformation of ancient fiction criticism into modern times in this particular period of history.Critical thinking as core factor inherent in fiction criticism deeply predominates the formation and development of fiction criticism method and restricts generation and evolution of fiction criticism style,which make literary concept,aesthetic schema and social and cultural consciousness of critics emerge in fiction criticism in a manner of specific cognitive style and expression approach.Therefore,search of inherent evolution of fiction criticism thought is a process of generation of new theoretical perspective with research value.To be specific,the transformation of modernity of traditional fiction criticism is actually Chinese traditional criticism thought with overall perceptual intuition,enjoyment of the beauty of words,harmony view,analogical experience and rational thoughts.Early modern history of literature in which ideological trend occurs repeatedly,taking western "mirror image" of"the other" as reference,makes process of gradual evolution into direction of scientific and rational criticism thought.Rational transformation of criticism thought is not directly accomplished in an action in a linear way.On the road of evolution,with ancient and modern dialogue as well as eastern and western confluence,criticism thought pattern reveals more diversification,which leads to multi-type and multi-level of early modern fiction criticism.All in all,in-depth researches on evolution of thought in history of fiction criticism from Ming and Qing Dynasties to early modern times are conducive to understand development history of fiction criticism gradually from specific evaluation of works value to aesthetic and scientific theoretical system and to provide reference for deep understanding of changes in thinking consciousness and coexistence of various thinking methods under joint action of tradition and western learning with significance of understanding that fiction criticism from Ming and Qing Dynasties to early modern times is history of evolution of critical thinking.This paper is composed of six parts,specifically,introduction,evolution of thinking consciousness of fiction criticism from Ming and Qing Dynasties to early modern times,features of thinking methods of fiction criticism in Ming and Qing Dynasties,evolution of fiction criticism thought in early modern times,internal and external reasons of evolution of thought and conclusion.Introduction,under the precondition of determination of nature and thought of literary criticism,elaborates the significance of history of evolution of thought of fiction criticism from Ming and Qing Dynasties to early modern times in history of Chinese literary criticism,related to which comprehensive analysis of research status,research approach and research method are made,illustrating research contents,research emphasis and the place of innovation of this paper.Chapter One places particular emphasis on evolution of thinking consciousness of fiction criticism from Ming and Qing Dynasties.Thinking consciousness and methods as two cores of critical thinking have the logical relevance that cannot be cut apart.Encounter of consciousness or interaction and realization due to tacit understanding or alteration and development because of collision between the subject of criticism act on the level of thought in single or composite form,by which corresponding critical thinking method takes shape.Therefore,analysis of evolution of thinking consciousness in this chapter will become a prerequisite of thinking methods that can be expounded specifically in the following two chapters.If "encounter" of consciousness between subjects continues to occur within a specific time,thinking operations between them show the process of evolution that occurs repeatedly in time stream.This chapter,from the perspective of flow and locomotion of thinking consciousness,investigates and analyzes how Chinese fiction criticism turns into specific critical consciousness,historical consciousness,scientific consciousness and individualistic consciousness in the process of history with more than 300 years,four of which precise connotation in fiction criticism and respective changes in and historical role of the process of thinking evolution are carefully explored.Chapter Two and Chapter Three move into concentrated discussion of thinking methods after chapter one introduces evolution of thinking consciousness.The common place of these two chapters lies in:no matter which historical period,selection of thinking methods is always closely related to genetic gene of ethnic culture,which is congenital condition of determination of thinking methods and to which inevitably relative universality and stability of application are brought.Therefore,establishment and finalization of thinking methods of fiction criticism from Ming and Qing Dynasties to early modern times are always placed in the process of historical accumulation of Chinese cultural formulation,which determines that as analysis of critical thinking method is made,consideration of contemporary social and cultural mentality,philosophic concept,value orientation and thinking feature of ethnic group cannot be separated from.Regarding Chapter Two,it mainly discusses thinking method of fiction criticism in Ming and Qing Dynasties.First of all,according to shaped individualized criticism though by reviewers in Ming and Qing Dynasties under the moisture and cultivation of ethnic culture and base on which critical and practical activity is conducted,thinking method of fiction criticism in Ming and Qing Dynasties on the whole is subdivided into five types:overall perceptual intuition,enjoyment of the beauty of words,harmony view,analogical experience and rational thoughts and then explanation is made one by one in five sections.Of which,thinking method of overall perceptual intuition,with analysis in a manner of combination of positive and negative,makes positive trace respectively from time and space dimensionality and then conducts dialectical thinking in the pattern of manifestation of negative forgetting everything.Thinking method of enjoyment of the beauty of words makes argument in a manner of combination of micro and macro,from microcosmic investigation of trying to find the exact word to realization of combination of the context and to integral grasping of aesthetic style of works,finally explains aesthetic interest and comprehension originating from emotion between criticism subject and criticism text in the macro perspective.Thinking method of harmony view consciously gives prominence to dialectic and interactionism of "circle" and deconstruction and detachment of "harmony",and combination of which receives thinking result of "unworldliness".The thinking method of analogy focuses on the illustration of the process of how to understand analogy and metonymy in the literature and the humanism demonstrated in this process,during the time when an agreement is reached between critics and authors;rational critical thinking can be achieved in three ways.Firstly,critics should have a great awareness of rational critical thinking;secondly,the critique itself has formed a set of reasonable and mature system of professional concepts and terms,and a procedure of Benmo speculation;thirdly,readers and critics should purposely and consciously read literature works with ration.Chapter Three immediately follows after Chapter Two and discusses five kinds of thinking methods stemming from fiction criticism in Ming and Qing Dynasties.How to horizontally expand,or longitudinally deepen,or emerge in the surface of artistic aesthetics,or integrate and run through an interactive relationship of social history and political morality in the context of early modern history?Of which,deepening of overall perceptual intuition is reflected in expansion of thinking view and multi-dimension of thinking orientation.Rational thought also starts deep intervention.Thinking method of enjoyment of the beauty of words gets evolved from two aspects.One is appearance of artistic criticism of poetic impression and the other is generation of artistic criticism of philosophical comprehension.Understanding of harmony view is embodied in overall transcendence of ancient and modern dimension and Chinese and western territory dimension and comprehensive criticism of crossing different cultural field and generous inclusion of many theoretical methods.Thinking method of analogical experience focuses on search for connection of similar quality in the process of seeking similarity and comparison by borrowing objects in Ming and Qing period and pays more attention to seek common ground while reserving difference in early modern times because of replacement of historical situation and expansion of new vision and is more sensitive to existence of heterogeneous medium.Thinking method of rational thoughts makes progress by leaps and bounds in the aspect of exploration of new theoretical support and establishment of new criticism style because there is consciousness of criticism tending to be scientific.After relatively making a comprehensive investigation of thinking evolution of fiction criticism from Ming and Qing Dynasties to early modern times,Chapter four devotes itself to deeply explore the reasons behind the phenomenon,i.e.internal and external factors of thinking evolution.Based on critical activity itself,investigation finds reasons deep factors for thinking evolution of fiction criticism have internal and external environment.External environment mainly includes three aspects of karma of violent history changes,boost of new changes in medium and encounter in western learning spreading to the East.Internal thrust includes three aspects of modern enlightenment of fiction transformation,progress leading to consideration of change of tradition criticism and intentional action of critical subjects.Conclusion summarizes the meaning of the thesis of thinking evolution of fiction criticism from Ming and Qing Dynasties to early modern times and reflection triggered in the process of argumentation and makes an outlook on its development prospect in the history of contemporary fiction criticism.