| Literary family is a unique cultural phenomenon in Chinese ancient history,reaching its peak stage during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.The Fan's family in Tongzhou deserves the title of the literary family,which possesses typical and unique features.This family has got 13 generations from Ming,Qing,the republic of China,until today,carrying on what one's father started originating,producing a lot of literati and abundant literary works.In consequence,the Fan's family has created a wonderful phenomenon in the history of Chinese literature.This paper takes literature and culture of the Fan's family as the research object,starting from the original literature,combining with macro-study with micro-analysis,expecting a comprehensive and systematic study.The first part traces back the lineage and the cultural inheritance of the Fan's family.According to the family tree,historical records,various literary works and the latest research achievements of contemporary scholars,it aims to supplement and perfect the related information about the Fan's family.Through the family member's pedigree and biography,the essay is expected to restore the family's original picture,outlining the historic process of settling,multipling and migrating,and constructing a rich and clear literary genealogy about the Fan's family.The family has a long history,which is direct descendants of Fan Chunren whose father is the famous court official Fan Zhongyan in the Song Dynasty.When the Southern Song Dynasty perished,the family moved from Fuzhou to Tongzhou,developing a literary family,which came first on the list in this area.Each generation of the family had good cultural education and strong sense of cultural inheritance.The earliest poems and essays of the Fan's family existed during the middle period of Ming Dynasty.The 13 generations had always made a living by writing.They created literary works in succession.The author widely collected the works information about the Fan's family,striving to drain the pond to catch all the fish.At the same time,according to available materials,the writer has been to libraries from place to place across the country,reading the various versions which has been known,investigating the writing content which has been newly found,teasing out all kinds of family members' literary works and collecting more than 200 kinds of writings.During Fan's family's long process of literary development,there are both climax periods and the trough phases.The whole situation presented a tortuous advance,and is full of changes,resulting to enduring literary life.The second part takes Fan Fengyi,who lived in the late Ming Dynasty,as the research object.Fan Fengyi is the only person of the family who secure as an official position in the Ming imperial court.He also obtained a good reputation,due to his allegiance to the court and awe-inspiring righteousness.All his works in this paper will involve aspects,including the verse editions,engraved books,political position,gathering activities,poetry writing.In the Wanli38 Years of Ming Dynasty,Fan Fengyi quit his official position and was engaged in the culture career.Under the special cultural context in the Qing dynasty,his writings and poems were forbidden and spread at the same time,indicating a rich cultural connotation.Despite his family financial difficulties,the books he engraved were abundant in that stage,which amounted to 19,which number was only after Mao Jin.He encouraged academic innovation and was concerned about political reality,focused on people's enlightenment,examined,distinguished and emended with loving care.And all of these attracted a variety of attention in the publishing history of Ming and Qing Dynasties.Fan Fengyi always adhered to the justice.His fate inevitably was closely related to the political party struggle in the late Ming Dynasty,who was widely considered as a member of Dong Lin Party.The author analyzed the different aspects,the political actions,social interactions,the principles of life,the attitudes upon political party struggle,differentiated one by one to clarify the facts.In the late Ming Dynasty,as a scholar in Tongzhou,Fan Fengyi was committed to organizing societies.He was the soul of the Shanci Poetry Society,the Baimen Poetry Society,the Lan Painting Society.Specifically say,the Shanci Society implied distinct political attitude,which lasted for nearly two hundred years,which is said to be a legend.The Baimen Society gathered celebrities in the cultural circles with grand scale and great influence.The Lan Society is not only one of the several painting associations in Ming Dynasty,but also the largest one.When carried out,poetry and painting were mixed harmonically.The three societies complemented each other,reflected the integration of literature and art.As a result,during Ming-Qing Dynasties,Fan Feng-yi had a unique place in the history of Scholars Societies.Fan Fengyi was exposed to the literary world,which was full of diverse schools,mainly inherited the poetic thought of Qizi Classicist School in Ming Dynasty.He thought deeply on its success and failure,gain and loss,representing the mainstream of literary world during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.His poetry is closely combined with the jeopardy situation,seeking the unification of returning to the ancient time and disposition,seeking natural writing,sincere and touching with imposing style and diverse forms.He restored ancient ways.what's more,he struggled to achieve innovation and changes.His poems faced the reality with rich themes,truly showing the literatis' survival situation and spiritual pursuit in the period of dynastic changes.In the third chapter Fan Guolu was chosen as the study object in the early Qing Dynasty.Fan Guolu was a commoner literati throughout his life,who possessed more than one hundred volumes of works,topped the most in his family literature.Most of the writings printed lost,which now are kept in the form of manuscripts and transcript.What's worse,some of them are the only one in the word.The author has investigated the versions and spread of poetry,essays and other works,who had many valuable findings in the process.In the library of of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Ten Mountains Poetry Chronicle,a total of three volumes.the notes in the beginning had not been found in other places,providing important materials for understanding the character's life story and the creation about literary.In the library of of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lang Wu Shi Cun,was the first poetry collection in Tongzhou,presenting the development situation about poetry and the poet since Song Dynasty,a valuable reference for the research of regional literature.In the library of of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Ten Mountains Engraved Book Preface,collected 33 prefaces written by 33 famous characters,such as Li Yu at the beginning of the Qing Dynasty,for 16 kinds of books.Most of them are disclosed for the first time,reserving a large number of literary works,which plays a role in correcting and compiling.The commoner groups formed the backbone to promote the prosperity and development of literature in the Qing Dynasty.At the same time,Fan Guolu was one of the typical representative,who is active in the literary world.Fan Guolu reflected on the poetic thinking of the Ming Dynasty,saved the practical drawbacks at that time,which embodied the spirit of Confucian poetry and stick to it.Fan Guolu treated the poetic heritage with a broad mind,using and abandoning carefully and properly.The retro and summary had the typical significance in the Qing Dynasty.His large number of poems on his own material life and mental world,left the first hand data about the survival of the primary scholar in the early Qing Dynasty.Many of his poems portrayed the broad social and real life to fully and delightfully expressed emotions.The landscape poetry and gathering poetry occupied the majority,showing the change in literati culture and the new literary phenomenon.His poetry is with strong emotions,a variety of genres,a mixture of characteristic in the Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty,showing the fresh and elegant beauty,which embodies the aesthetic ideas of the literary mainstream of that times.Fan Guolu participated in the gathering of the circles of Ci poets and actively created Ci poem,edited the collection,commented on famous works.He showed great respect for Ci poetry and strictly distinguished between poetry and Ci and standardized the rhyme of Ci poetry.Fan Guolu's analysis reached a new height.It was an important proposition to Ci poetry at that time.He was not only the outstanding one in the Guangling Ci Tan,but also should not be ignored in the early Qing Dynasty when the Ci poetry took place dramatic changes.Fan Guolu specially loved making friends,which was his primary way of life.He has more than 1000 people.The objects had a variety of identity,the adherents such as Chen Jisheng,Mao Xiang,the government officials such as Wang Shizhen,Kong Shangren,Shi Runzhang,the commoner literati such as Chen Weisong,Liyu,Deng Hanyi,the author would choose the figures who had a significant impact on him to conduct classified sutdy.The emphasis of the fourth chapter is on Fan Dangshi in the late Qing Dynasty.Fan Dangshi had the greatest impact on literature in his family,his poetry was the excellent representative in the Tongguang style,his classical prose was the inheritance of Tong Cheng School which was handed down in a direct line from Zeng Guofan,Zhang yuzhao,to the late Qing Dynasty.Fan Dangshi had a rich learning experience and extensive literature intercourse,profoundly and sustainably paying attention to the development of classical poetry.He Agreed with the views of Tongguang style,encouraging debate,creating a new situation in the circles of poetry by restoration of traditional culture.Meanwhile,with a positive attitude to the new situation,showed the rare confidence.Fan Dangshi pointed the source of creation to the poet and the social reality of life,emphasising on assuming the responsibility as to the nation and culture at the key moment of vital importance to the nation.He respected upright personality,comprehensive knowledge,avoiding vulgar and shallow,pursuing to reach a profound level.He was a representative on the way of forging ahead exploring difficultly in the context of modern society,with the coexistence of old and new culture.Fan Dangshi mainly inherited the poetic thoughts and artistic techniques in Song Dynasty,such as Su Shi,Huang Tingjian,Tu Fu,Han Yu.He induced skilled writing style in prose to the poetry creation.Fan Dangshi had a distinct change about poetic style.The sino-japanese war can be a point of division,in the early time with a bold and unconstrained style,In the late period with a depressed style.He made great efforts to pursue innovation in such aspects as subject,content,the technique of expression,to consider words carefully,to use allusions extensively.Since Fan Dang-shi had similar social and family background with Du Fu,moreover,they shared almost the same fate,Du Fu's literary achievements and personality had a profound impact on Fan Dang-shi.Du Fu'name appears 25 times in his poems,and quoted Du Fu's poems almost a hundred times.In addition,the themes of his poems of his concern for the country and people,and the specific characteristics of his poem writing also indicate the influence of Du Fu's poems.Fan Dangshi was a person who attaches great importance to the emotion.He and his ex-wife had deep feelings,with the mutual help and relief in time of poverty.After the ex-wife died,he vented grief through poetry and prose,with a sad and moving style.As a result,not only produced the popular masterpiece,but also brought the development and innovation about the the traditional subject matter.Fan Dangshi and his second wife represented the new civil partnership with respect and equality as the core,showing the harmony within the family,bringing out the best in each other in the social field;abiding by the traditional morality,combining with age fresh air;having a deep emotional support and maintenance of common cause,which deeply reflected the modern transition of traditional marriage.His friend were all over the country,and the communication with Liu Xizai,Zhang Yuzhao,Wu Rulun,Chen Sanli,had a far-reaching influence on his literary creation.Because as the tutor of Li Hongzhang,his Individual fate in modern times is closely related to the current political affairs.The author selected the five characters,comprehensively collected the search literature,analysised carefully,interpretated the exchanges deeds,in order to look into the character destiny and literary creation.The fifth chapter abstracted the family's cultural spirit.In the process of more than 450 years of evolution,there is a strong family resemblance,remembering the ancestors,fostering the offsprings with strong family ties,which formed the strong cohesion and centripetal force.The family praised literature highly,containing all kinds of disciplines,calligraphy and painting passed from generation to generation.The family had a strong sense of cultural inheritance,showing the elegant temperament and cultural taste.The younger generation guarded and organized the former generation literature documents carefully,advancing wave upon wave,sparing no effort,constructed a huge family literary pedigree.The Fan family owned harmonious atmosphere,kindly fathers and dutiful sons,showing love and respect as good brothers should,moreover,generally showing the respect,sympathy and love for ordinary people.The family's fate was a hard one,poor from generation to generation.In order to achieve long-term survival,keeping the habit of thrift,emphasizing to save the lives.The family members paid more attention to the principles of life,with noble personal character,being assiduous in government affairs for the people,keeping their noses out of the trough,enjoying a high reputation.The sixth chapter discussed the family cultural ecology in the long process of development.First of all,the replacement of dynasties,the social politics,the literary trend of thought,were closely related to the family's fortune,directly affecting the members' real situation,way of life,creative team,aesthetic appreciation of literature.Secondly,the Fan family were resident in Tongzhou in a long-term and stable process,with distinctive natural and humanistic environment.The unique geography of mountains and rivers,the humanistic tradition of attaching great importance to the education,the cultural atmosphere of rich art and famous artists emerging in endlessly,which became positive factors in the birth of culture family.Thirdly,the family continuously attached great importance to the education,in order to achieve the cultural accumulation and family inheritance.The family not only laid stress on its own culture construction,but also emphasized on the establishment of marriage rings,meanwhile,moral integrity and cultural background played a decisive role in it.Members of the family actively participated in literary writing,appreciated each other,both enhancing the affection,and improving the writing level.This stimulated the powerful family's literary energy in an artistic and aesthetic way of life.The Fan's family possessed considerable literati with fruitful results,dominating the republic of letters during the Ming and Qing Dynasty in Tongzhou.As the core of the regional literature,promoted the prosperity of literature in this area,with a unique literary reputation,is typical of the family to take part in the regional cultural construction.Moreover,each generation thought highly of making friends,forming a distinctive tradition,with wide objects and open area.Members of the family engaged in various literary activities all over the countty,partook in the literary thinking of that time.Finally,not only improved their literature,but also brought the interaction with mainstream.In the wide range of social intercourse,due to talent and self-cultivation,the members won the reputation for individual and family,bringing a wide range of influence.Rank and name were not the highest pursuits of the family,determined to maintain the survival mode of passing literature down from him to his descendants,taking root in reality life,including in the situation of the times,pursuing the harmonization between literature and life.This is a pure literary family beyond the utilitarian,showing the multiple existing way and the developmental trend of ancient family.When many cultural families had wandered away in history,the Fan family developed continuously to this day,indicating the tenacious lifeblood.The family's literature is an important part of regional literature and even the national documents,which had a distinctive position in the history of Chinese literature.In addition,the writer has also carried on the related research on Fan Zeng,who is the thirteenth generation of the family.He is excellent in ancient prose creation,the painting and calligraphy art under the influence of family trait.Owing to the limitation of the paper length,I had to give up for the time being. |
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