| Cultural heritage includes tangible cultural heritage and intangible cultural heritage.Tangible cultural heritage can be further divided into unmovable cultural relics and cultural relics.As noted in China's Cultural Heritage Protection&Preservation Law(CCHPPL),unmovable cultural relics can be classified as ancient sites,ancient tombs,ancient architectural buildings,cave temples and stones,important historical buildings and other types.Based on protection level,unmovable cultural relics can be divided into state key cultural relics protected by China's state government,provincial cultural heritage protection sites,and local cultural heritage protection sites protected by city governments.151 state key cultural relics and 661 provincial cultural heritage protection sites in Hubei are taken as the research objects.This research is aimed to analyze the temporal-spatial patterns and laws of cultural heritage sites at different levels,with different types,during different historical periods.Besides,features density distribution of Hubei's cultural heritage sites,social and physical factors influencing the spatial distribution features in Hubei,and the spatial correlation analysis of primary cultural heritages sites in Hubei are also conducted.And the following is the main research results and conclusions in this thesis:(1)The agglomeration effect of spatial distribution of the state and provincial cultural heritage protection sites in Hubei is obviously approved.And the agglomeration delgree is relatively high,reflecting human activities of-convergency in certain areas.Secondly,it is concluded that the spatial distribution of state and provincial cultural heritage protection sites in Hubei presents a pattern of multi-center distribution.And Wuhan is the primar)y center,while Xiangyang,Jinzhou,Ezhou-Huangzhou as the second-tier centers.These centers are all cities with a long history and intense human activities.Thirdly,the state and provincial cultural heritage protection sites in Hubei are dominated with ancient ruins,ancient buildings and historical buildings and stone grotto relics protection class is relatively small.As for spatial distribution,different types of state and provincial cultural heritage protection sites display strong similarity and certain diversity.(2)As for the temporal characteristic of the state and provincial cultural heritage protection sites in Hubei,we can see the quantity dominance of cultural relics both in ancient and modern ages,especially during prehistoric to pure Qin Dynasty,Ming and Qing Dynasties to the modem times.On the other hand,cultural heritage sites between these two ages,particularly from Qin to the Ming Dynasty are relatively sparse.Secondly,spatial distribution of the state and provincial cultural heritage protection sites in Hubei gradually ranges from the "multi-core pattern" to the trend of a"outshine others" due to the development of key areas.The two periods of Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties,Song and Yuan Dynasties are two important milestones for socio-economic regional development in Hubei.It affects the spatial distribution pattern of the state and provincial cultural heritage protection sites.Thirdly,the gravity center of the state and provincial cultural heritage protection sites in Hubei historically shifts from north to south,and moves to east,and its change distance expands.(3)The state and provincial cultural heritage protection sites and natural environment is closely correlated to each other.And natural environment is the basic conditions for the existence of state and provincial cultural heritage protection sites.State and provincial cultural heritage protection sites in Hubei tend to be distributed in areas with good physical development conditions,such as adequate fresh water,lower elevation,gentle slopes.These areas are good for regional development due to intense human activities.It is proved that 97.53%of the state and provincial cultural heritage protection sites in Hubei exist close to main river(particularly the Yangtze River and the Han River)within the geographical 20km distance.Secondly,the spatial distribution of the state and provincial cultural heritage protection sites in Hubei tend to be in lower altitude areas,and 62.44%of the state and provincial cultural heritage protection sites in Hubei locate in areas with an altitude of less than 100 m.Thirdly,the spatial distribution of the state and provincial cultural heritage protection sites tends to be in areas with gentle slope.It is proved that 59.73%of the state and provincial cultural heritage protection sites in Hubei distribution in the gradient of 5 degrees or less.Fourth,the spatial distribution of cultural protection relics tends to be in areas with less natural disasters.(4)The state and provincial cultural heritage protection sites and cultural factors are closely linked,and the humanistic environment is the premise of the existence of the state and provincial cultural heritage protection sites in Hubei.Officially protection sites are the product of human activity.Most of officially protected sites are located on the area of a stable society and a dense population.Among them,political stability and social stability affect the officially protected sites' distribution patterns and trends.Firstly,the distribution of cultural relics protection units tends to be gathered in the city.The distribution of 53%officially protection sites in Hubei is in the range of 20km from city centers,and the distribution of 96%of officially protected sites are within the range of 50km from city centers.Secondly,the spatial distribution of officially protected sites and distribution of population are quantitatively greatly correlated.Thirdly,spatial distribution of officially protection sites is affected obviously by regional political situation and political environment.There are two originality or innovations in this research:(1)this research makes a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the spatial distribution pattern of the officially protection sites by using the method of spatial-temporal analysis of the overall cultural heritage sites distribution of different levels,different types of distribution and the distribution of different historical stages of the officially protection sites by using the spatial analysis method.Natural factors and human factors are explored to analyze factors influencing cultural heritages spatial-temporal distribution;(2)some practical and strategical measures have been put forward for cultural heritage sites protection.According to the characteristics of space distribution and historical enlightenment of the officially protected sites in Hubei,as well as many problems existing in the protection of the officially protection sites in Hubei,officially protection sites in Hubei should follow the idea of overall protection.And a new idea for the protection and utilization of cultural relics and zoning scheme of officially protection sites by using GIS technology is also in great need. |
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