Study On Health Status And Associated Factors Among College Students Based On Social Resources Theory

ObjectivesThe purposes of the study are as follows,firstly,the study is aimed to construct the connotation concept and measurement dimension of college students'social resources with qualitative analysis of the grounded theory,and analyze the associated factors of college students'health status qualitatively,so as to provide a reference for empirical research program design.Secondly,to provide reference for improving the nationwide health level of college students by structuring a risk factor path model of"Social resources-Lifestyle-Health status".MethodsThis study designs an outline of the college students'health status and associated factors firstly based on literature research and theoretical research.With the qualitative analysis of the grounded theory,54 college students from Hubei Province were interviewed in depth,and Nvivo11 software was used to collect data by open,association and selective coding,the associated factors of college students'health status was explored initially.Based on qualitative analysis,the theory of social resources is used as a guide to design questionnaires in this study,10 800 college students from 18 universities in Wuhan were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling method,after eliminating the missing values,9469 subjects were finally included.Descriptive analysis was made on the basic situation,health status,social resources and lifestyle of college students by frequency and composition ratio,?~2 test and Fisher's exact probability were applied to compare the health status of college students,including self-rated health status,two-week prevalence rate and mental health distribution differences among groups.The structural equation modeling was used to analyze the relationship between social resources,lifestyle and self-rated health status,two-week prevalence rate and mental health,and to construct a risk factor path model of"social resources-lifestyle-health status"for college students.Results1.Study on the associated factors of college students'health status based on grounded theory.In this study,the grounded theory is used to collect and analyze the interview data.The social resources of college students can be measured from three dimensions:family resources,school resources and social support resources.Parents'education level,family residence,family economic conditions and family structure are included in family resources;school resources include health education curriculum and health service delivery,etc.;social support resources include emotional support from family,teachers,classmates and friends.Qualitative research also analyzed five core categories that affect the health status of college students,which are behavioral and living style,individual factors,social support resources,school and family resources.2.Analysis of basic demographic characteristics and health status of college students.9469 subjects finally enrolled in the study,with an average age of 19.01±1.44 years old and54.43%of female students.Most of the students were Han nationality,accounting for87.94%.In terms of professional types,engineering majors accounted for the highest proportion(31.79%).The two-week prevalence rate was 19.51%,17.33%for boys and21.32%for girls.The incidence of mental health problems was 22.25%,which were20.32%and 23.86%respectively for boys and girls.3.Analysis of social resources of college students.In terms of family resources,54.65%of the students live in cities,7.80%come from single-parent families,48.28%are the only child,58.49%of the students self-assessed family are with average economic conditions.With respect to their parents'educational level among which are mostly junior high school(35.44%and 34.44%respectively for fathers and mothers).For school resources,52.15%and 75.46%of the students were satisfied with the schools being able to provide health services and referral,while 4.52%were content with medical insurance,79.11%offered health education courses in schools,39.31%of students hold that health education courses greatly benefit them.For social relation resources,58.51%,57.30%and 59.14%believed that their relatives,friends and others supported them more.4.Analysis of factors affecting college students'health based on social resource theory.In the study,under the guidance of social resource theory and with the help of structural equation modeling,the risk factor path model of"social resource--lifestyle--health status"was constructed by taking college students'self-rated health status,two-week prevalence rate and mental health as health status evaluation indexes,and all indexes show that the model fits well.Social resources(0.164,0.068 and 0.348)and lifestyle(0.268,0.075 and 0.030)bring direct effects on self-rated health,two-week prevalence rate and mental health of college students respectively.Lifestyle plays a mediating role in the relationship between social resources and college students'health status.The mediating effects take up respectively 45.12%,38.18%and 2.52%of social resources on college students'self-rated health,two-week prevalence rate and mental health.Conclusions and recommendations1.The grounded theory based qualitative analysis in the study is used to construct the measurement dimension of social resources of college students from three aspects:family resources,school resources and social support resources.The applicability and validity of social resources theory in the field of health influencing factors are verified by large-scale empirical survey among college students,and the application field of social resources theory is expanded.It is also of certain reference significance for the study of influencing factors of health of other populations.2.The health status of college students is not optimistic.The main manifestation is that the self-rated health is close to or even lower than that of the general population.The two-week prevalence rate is much higher than that of the general population of the same age group,and the incidence of mental health problems is higher.The health status of college students needs to arouse the attention and concern of students themselves,college administrative departments and society.To improve health outcomes of students,the administrative departments should actively explore new ideas and methods which organically combined the physical and mental health education of college students with ideological and political education.3.The study verifies that social resources and lifestyle have a direct impact on people's health,it further reveals that lifestyle can produce mediate effect in the process of the impact of social resources on health as an intermediary variable by constructing a risk factor path model of"social resources-lifestyle-health status"for college students.From the perspective of lifestyle,the study explores the potential mechanism of social resources associated with health.The results suggest that lifestyle intervention should be taken as a priority to promote college students'health,and attention should be paid to optimizing college students'social resources so as to provide a supportive environment for lifestyle intervention.Innovation1.This is the first study for introducing the theory of social resources to study the influencing factors of college students'health,constructing and validating the risk factor path model of"social resources-lifestyle-health status",revealing for the first time the intermediary effect of lifestyle in the process of social resources affecting people's health in China.It is innovative in the introduction and application of new theories.2.Based on the qualitative analysis of grounded theory,the study firstly clarifies the measurement dimensions of college students'social resources,and qualitatively analyses the influencing factors of their health on which basis,a large-scale empirical survey was conducted among 10800 college students in 18 universities by using multi-stage cluster random sampling method.The relationship between social resources,lifestyle and health was analyzed by structural equation modeling,and a model of"social resources-lifestyle-health status"for college students was constructed as well.It is more advanced than the existing research in sampling process,sample size,sample representation and the application of statistical analysis methods.3.Under the guidance of modern bio-psycho-social medical model,the study analyzes the health status of college students from physiological,psychological and social levels,as well as the impact path of social resources and lifestyle,which are two key factors affecting health,and clarify the importance of social resources to the health of college students as well.It is innovative in the main contents and conclusions.LimitationsThe study was conducted in Wuhan,Hubei province,There are some limitations in extrapolating the results of the study to college students in other areas with great differences in socio-economic and cultural environment with wuhan.In addition,under the guidance of social resources theory,the study analyzes the relationship among social resources,lifestyle and health status of college students by structural equation modeling.Because the study is a cross-sectional survey,there are limitations in causal inference,prospective research design is needed to further theoretical hypothesis verification and research results.