Main Biological Properties Of Antarctic Krill Oil And Its Hypolipidemic Mechanism

Antarctic krill oil is extracted from the wild krill in the Antarctic waters.It is rich in phospholipids and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and other biologically active substances.It is safe and has no toxic side effects.Hyperlipidemia is a major chronic and frequently-occurring disease that plagues the clinic.It is essential to explore special medical food which can treat or prevent hyperlipidemia,and that is very important to improve the cure rate of hyperlipidemia and reduce its incidence.The aim of this study is to analyze the composition and safety of Antarctic krill oil,to investigate its main biological characteristics and its lipid-lowering mechanism,and to explore its future clinical application in the prevention and treatment of hyperlipidemia.The main active components and safety of Antarctic krill oil were determined by sensory indexes,physical and chemical indexes,microbiological and heavy metal indexes.According to the serum metabolomics principle,we used high-lipid serum to stimulate HepG2 cells in vitro to explore the lipid metabolism in the HepG2 cells at different concentrations of Antarctic krill oil and fish oil.And then,rat hyperlipidemia model was established by feeding high-fat diet.Different concentrations of Antarctic krill oil were given by gastric gavage,and at the same time,fish oil was used as control.During the experiment and at the end of the experiment,weight,hematology(including blood routine,blood biochemistry,coagulation.)and urine were monitored and the final organ changes in each rat group were observed.Western blot,flow cytometry and histopathological examination were performed to analyze the effects of Antarctic krill oil on lipid metabolism signaling pathway and the protective mechanism of liver in each group of experimental animals.The changes of PPAR-?,PPAR-?,MAPK-7 and P65 protein levels in different animal models were detected.Histopathology and flow cytometry were used to detect the pathological changes in the liver tissues in different groups.The ROS levels of hepatocytes were detected by flow cytometry.Antarctic krill oil composition analysis showed that it was rich in phospholipids and unsaturated fatty acids(EPA,DHA),and all its sensory indexes,microbiological indexes and heavy metal concentrations were in line with safety regulations.In vitro,Antarctic krill oil exhibits an auxillialy hypolipidemic effect on blood lipids.It was revealed by oil red O staining that a large amount of lipid droplets were found in HepG2 cells treated with hyperlipidemic serum,and the amount of fat droplets in the HepG2 cells were significantly reduced after adding Antarctic krill oil.In vivo,Antarctic krill oil significantly reduced serum TC and LDL-C in the rats,and showed a dose-response relationship with the increase of Antarctic krill oil concentration.The gross visual examination of the rat livers revealed that the antarctic krill oil group showed significantly less fatty-degeneration changes than the hyperlipidemia model group.The macropathological examination showed that the liver degeneration of the Antarctic krill group was significantly reduced.The ROS content in hepatocytes of the Antarctic krill oil group was significantly lower than that in the hyperlipidemia model group,and the proportion of hepatocyte necrosis was significantly reduced.The protein levels of PPAR-?,PPAR-? and MAPK-7 in the Antarctic krill oil group were significantly increased with the dose,and the P65 protein expression was significantly lower than the hyperlipidemic models.Antarctic krill oil can activate the PPAR-a,PPAR-y,MAPK-7 signaling pathway and inhibit the signaling pathway represented by P65,enhance the lipid metabolism,and improve lipid metabolism in the hyperlipidemia models in vitro and in vivo.In conclusion,in vivo and in vitro experiments,Antarctic krill oil can significantly reduce blood lipid by activating or inhibiting multiple signaling pathways.This study shows a promising prospect of Antarctic krill oil in clinical implication,and provides a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of Antarctic krill oil.