Study Of The Prescriptions Contain Radix Scutellariae On The Treatment Of Mental Disorder

Mental disorder is a common type of disease that threatens the health of human.It can be caused by many factors,among which the evil of heat is one of the main causes of mental disorder.Radix Scutellariae(RS),a dry root of Lamiaceae plants Scutella,ria baicalensis Georgi,is often used in the treatment of mental disorder,especially in the treatment of depression.It is very important to explore the rule of prescriptions containing RS in the treatment of mental disorder and explore the role of RS in the prescriptions.This study is mainly divided into two patrs.In the first part,to study the rule of the prescription for the treatment of mental disorder,we analyzed the prescriptions containing RS on treating mental disorder with data mining.Then we discussed the contact and differences of the prescriptions contain RS on treating depression disorder.Results of mental disorder showed that there were 17 mental diseases in our study,including irritability,madness,epilepsy,insomnia,heart palpitations,dizziness,and depression.The main clinical manifestations were irritability,madness,fever,insomnia,thirsty,palpitations,headache,et al.The secondary clinical manifestations were dizziness,chest tightness,limb convulsions,et al.Fiery heat was the most common cause of the mental disorder,followed by wind,sputum,poison,and so on.The mental disorder was associated with heat,liver,gallbladder,and other organs.Heat-clearing drugs,tonics,and exterior-releasing drugs were mainly used,such as Zhi Zi(Fructus Gardeniae),Ren Shen(Radix Ginseng),Chai Hu(Radix Bupleuri),and Fang Feng(Radix Ledebouriellae).There were 14 commonly used drugs,such as Ren Shen(Radix Ginseng),Da Huang(Rhubarb),Zhi Zi(Fructus Gardeniae),and so on.There were 12 core combinations and formulas,including Huang Lian Jie Du Tang,Tong Xie Yao Fang,Ba Zhen Tang,Ren Shen Mai Dong Tang,Er Chen Tang,Xiao Xu Ming Tang,An Shen Zhen Xin Hu Po Wan,Xiao Chai Hu Tang,Xiao Yao San,and so on.Furthermore,we summarized the rule of treating mental disorder such as irritability,madness,epilepsy,depression,et al.Results of depression showed that there were many common aspects of ancient and modern on treating depression.Firstly,we found the pattern of excess was often seen in depression,such as Qi stagnation,phlegm,and heat.But phlegm and Qi stagnation were most important in ancient,while the Qi stagnation and heat were most important in current.Secondly,we found that the main emotional manifestations were sadness,depression,and irritability.The main physical disorder were fullness and pain of the chest and hypochondrium.These symptoms were associated with heart and liver.Finaly,we found that ingredients that regulate Qi and drugs that tonify the blood were mainly used.The drugs that tonify the blood were commonly used in ancient such as Bai Shao(Radix Paeoniae),while the drugs that regulate Qi were often used in current such as Chai Hu(Radix Bupleuri).There were 6 commonly used drugs,such as Chai Hu(Radix Bupleuri),Ban Xia(Pinellia Termata),Ren Shen(Radix Ginseng),Fu Ling(Poria Cocos),Bai Shao(Radix Paeoniae),Chen Pi(Dried Tangerine).Moreover,the core prescriptions were based on Yue Ju Wan,Xiao Chai Hu Tang,and Er Chen Tang.Dang Gui(Angelica Sinensis)and Si Wu Tang were more often used in ancient,while Long Gu(Fossil Fragments),Mu Li(Oyster),Huang Lian(Coptis Chinensis),Chai Hu Jia Long Gu Mu Li Tang,Long Dan Xie Gan Tang,and Wen Dan Tang were more often used in current.In the second part,we established the depression model to explore the antidepressant effect of RS and Baicalin(BA),and further investigated the underlying antidepressant mechanisms of RS and BA,Firstly,we assessed the antidepressant effects of RS on behaviors in the mouse model of chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)induced depression.Then we characterized the effects of RS on hippocampal neurons,including the effects on migration and differentiation of neurons,and the influences on neuronal apoptosis.Finally,to investigate the molecular mechanisms of RS on depression,we analyzed the expression levels of associated proteins on the TGF-?signaling pathway.Experimental results showed that RS had an antidepressant effect via improving the depressive-like behaviors in a CUMS-induced mice model.Moreover,RS increased neuronal maturation and survival,decreased neuronal apoptosis and damage in hippocampus.Furthermore,RS exerted neuronprotective effect via mediating TGF?3-Smad2/3-Nedd9 signal pathway.These suggested that RS could exert antidepressant effect via protecting neurons,and the underlying molecular mechanisms were associated the TGF?3-Smad2/3-Nedd9 signal pathway.Then we focused on examining the therapeutic effects of BA in CUMS-induced depression rats and investigating the molecular mechanisms.Results showed that administration of BA improved depressive-like behaviors and significantly increased the levels of doublecortin(DCX),Neuron-specific enolase(NSE),and Brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)in hippocampus.Furthermore,administration of BA significantly decreased CUMS-induced apoptosis and inflammatory cytokines(caspase-1 and IL-1? in hippocampus.These responses were mediated by Glycogen synthase kinase-3(GSK3)?/Nuclear factor-?B(NF-?B)/Nucleotide-binding domain,leucine-rich repeat,pyrin domain containing protein 3(NLRP3)signal pathway.Taken together,these results indicate that BA could promote neuronal maturation and rescue neurons from apoptosis via inhibiting activation of GSK3?/NF-?B/NLRP3 signal pathway that is known to be associated with inflammation,thus exerting neuroprotective effects and preventing CUMS-induced depressive-like behaviors.The innovations of this study were as follows:(1)First analyzed the prescriptions containing RS for the treatment of mental illness and depression.(2)First used Gephi software to construct a complex network of disease-symptoms,syndrome-symptoms,and drug-disorders of mental illness and depression.(3)Demonstrated that the administration of RS for 4 weeks could up-regulate the levels of TGF?3,p-Smad2/3 and Nedd9 in hippocampus of CUMS-induced depressive model,promote the biological function of TGF?3-Smad2/3-Nedd9 signaling pathway,decrease apoptosis,promote neuronal migration,differentiation and maturation,protect neurons,and improve depressive-like behaviors.