Assosciation Between Erectile Dysfunction And Cardiovascular Disease

Part 1 Association between coronary heart disease and erectile dysfunction in Chinese Han populationObjective Erectile dysfunction(ED)is diagnosed when a man cannot reach or maintain a full erection and is unsatisfied with his sex life,which has been increasingly associated with several health comorbidities.Cardiovascular diseases(CVD),with its high morbidity,disability and mortality,seriously threaten the health and quality of life of middle-aged patients.It is reported that CVD and ED often coexist,and they share common risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms.The objective of the present study is to investigate the relationship between CHD(one of the most common type of CVD)and ED in Chinese Han population,so as to lay a foundation for the prevention diagnosis and treatment of the two diseases.Methods This study used a hospital-based case-control design.Patients who went to the andrological out-patient clinic of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University between August 1,2015 and May 1,2016 were potential subjects of this study.The cases were those diagnosed as ED during the study period according to the self-administered International Index of Erectile Function-5(IIEF-5)questionnaire.A translated Chinese language version of this IIEF-5 questionnaire was used with a score of ?21 being considered indicative of a ED diagnosis.Those clinic patients diagnosed free of ED were considered as controls.A blinded questionnaire analysis was performed independently by two authors.Meanwhile,subjects were interviewed for the history of CHD.The diagnosis of CHD was in accordance with clinical guidelines.All subjects received a thorough physical and laboratory examination.A detailed history of all cases and controls,including age,CHD,hypertension,diabetes,tobacco smoking,alcohol consumption,and physical activity status were recorded during study interviews.Pearson chi-square test or t-test was used to investigate the association between CHD and ED,and crude ORs with their 95%con dence intervals(CIs)were calculated.Then a multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to obtain adjusted ORs and their 95%CIs by adjusting for the following covariates:age,hypertension,BMI,smoking history,drinking history,physical activity,hyperlipidemia,and diabetes.All analyses were carried out using the SPSS 18.0 software.Results A total of 240 participants with 56 ED patients and 184 controls were finally included.The age of diagnosis,score of IIEF-5 and percentage of hypertension cases were significantly higher among cases compared with controls,and the distribution of other variables was similar in the case and control group.The chi-square test indicated that cases had a non-significantly higher prevalence of CHD than controls(P=0.58),and the OR was 1.20(95%CI=0.63-2.29).The crude OR was 2.54 for mild ED(95%CI:0.78-8.23,P=0.12),0.58 for moderate ED(95%CI=0.21-1.60,P=0.29),and 1.78 for severe ED(95%CI:0.64-4.92,P=0.27),respectively.After the adjustment for age,hypertension,BMI,smoking history,drinking history,physical activity,hyperlipidemia,and diabetes,the results showed that CHD might increase the risk of ED for 1.25 times(OR=1.25,95%CI:0.55-2.85,P=0.59)in overall ED patients,but the effect was probably nonsignificant.Stratified analysis by severity of ED revealed similar results.Conclusions This study suggests no significant association exists between CHD and ED in Chinese Han population,but CHD may increase the risk of ED.Due to the limitations of this study,we suggest performing large sample size studies for further identification.Besides,the possible mechanism of the interaction between CHD and ED remains to be explored.Part 2 Bibliometric analysis on relations betweeen cardiovascular disease and erectile dysfunctionObjective Both erectile dysfunction(ED)and cardiovascular disease(CVD)are common diseases in elder males.Due to various common risk factors,many patients suffered these two diseases at the same time.Conducting an analysis of present situation and developing trends of the research on ED and CVD might facilitate future studies.Method In the present study,we conducted a literature search on the Scopus for potentially relevant literatures on ED and CVD published from 1957 to October,28,2016.Year of publishment,document type,country or region distribution,affiliation distribution,citation,co-authorship and information related with literature titles were analyzed.Results A total number of 3,229 literatures were published in the past six decades,original articles are the most common types of ED and CVD associated articles,ED and CVD associated articles increased in number year by year and remained stable in the past decade.Occident countries,especially the United States and Italy,maintained a leadership position in this area.Clinical and epidemiological studies are the hottest areas,and most authors share a cooperative relationship in the area.A total number of 412 literatures were published in the past six decades,original articles are the most common types of ED and.CVD associated articles,ED and CVD associated epidemiologic researches increased in number year by year and remained stable in the past decade.Occident countries,especially the United States and Italy,maintained a leadership position in this area.Clinical and epidemiological studies are the hottest areas,and most authors share a cooperative relationship in the area.Conclusions Our results suggested that co-operations cross disciplines and taking clinical application as the start point are the trend of ED and CVD associated studies.