Research On Pharmacovigilance Thought In "Compendium Of Materia Medica"

I Research BackgroundThe theory of traditional Chinese medicine pharmacovigilance is the guiding principle and standard of using medicine safely.In the past 20 years,with the deepening of the research,the connotation and theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine pharmacovigilance are gradually refined.Compared with the western pharmacovigilance,the traditional Chinese medicine has distinct characteristics.The thought of traditional Chinese medicine pharmacovigilance originated from the clinical practice and medication experience of lots of experts,which is the same strain with thousands of years of the thought from safe medication,and is rich in traditional Chinese medicine theory.The thought of traditional Chinese medicine pharmacovigilance inherits the thought of "treating disease before the disease",which runs through the whole process of clinical use of traditional Chinese medicine.The thought widely exists in a large number of ancient Chinese medicine literatures.Therefore,we must pay attention to the collation and excavation of ancient literatures to study the Chinese medicine pharmacovigilance.? Research PurposesBEN CAO GANG MU is a culmination of the herbal works,it summarizes the achievements of traditional Chinese medicine before sixteenth century and records the theory of traditional Chinese medicine,source identification,collecting and processing,function and indication,clinical application,and taboo content in detail.BEN CAO GANG MU preserves a large number of traditional Chinese medicine literatures before the Ming Dynasty,which contains a wealth of traditional Chinese medicine pharmacovigilance ideas and practical experience.At present the research on BEN CAO GANG MU is very abundant,but the study from the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine pharmacovigilance is still a blank.So the study is innovative and it will have a profound impact on the study of traditional Chinese medicine pharmacovigilance.III Research MethodsThis study is based on BEN CAO GANG MU(Jin ling)new collation,which was published in 2013 by China press of traditional Chinese medicine.The paper studied the pharmacovigilance in BEN CAO GANG MU from the perspective of knowledge of poison,avoiding poison,using poison and detoxication,and collected a large number of documents on traditional Chinese medicine pharmacovigilance,and we had established a completely system of thoughts of pharmacovigilance in BEN CAO GANG MU.There are four methods used in this study.The first one is literature review method.We analyzed the present situation from three angles which were BEN CAO GANG MU,data mining and traditional Chinese medicine pharmacovigilance,and read more than a thousand papers,then we determined the basis of the project and selected the research methods.The second one is traditional literature method.It lasted 8 months,we classified the contents of more than 1.9 million words in BEN CAO GANG MU,and summarized the ideology of pharmacovigilance according to the four aspects of knowledge of poison,avoiding poison,using poison and detoxication.The third one is data mining.In order to search for internal ties and rules,we used the association analysis method in data mining to analyze the relationships between WEI,poison,and JIN JI FAN WU.The fourth one is content analysis method.We used the methods used in intelligence analysis to study ancient Chinese medicine literature,and analyzed the contents of more than 5000 Li Shizhen's reviews.We quantitatively analyzed Li Shizhen's contributions to the thought of pharmacovigilance,and explored the origins of the thought of pharmacovigilance in BEN CAO GANG MU.IV Research ResultsFirstly,the study full demonstrated the connotation of the thought of traditional Chinese medicine pharmacovigilance in BEN CAO GANG MU.In knowledge of poison,BEN CAO GANG MU attaches importance to the toxicity of drugs and the interaction between drugs.In avoiding poison,BEN CAO GANG MU attaches great importance to the identification of drug source and authenticity,and 84%of the drugs contained in the book are documented in detail in the production,shape and harvesting of drugs.It enriches the methods and theories of drug processing,and emphasizes the efficacy of drug reduction through processing.BEN CAO GANG MU pays attention to recording adverse drug reactions,and documented the manifestations of lots of adverse drug reactions,many of which analyzes the causes and put forward the method of rescue.The study notices that the thoughts of using poison are very rich in BEN CAO GANG MV,which are contained in prescription records.The thoughts can be summarized as the following aspects:paying attention to the compatibility and dietary taboos,promoting rational drug toxic use,paying attention to the choice of dosage form and decocting method,emphasizing the factor of person and following the rule of medication for four seasons.A large number of toxic rescue methods documented in BEN CAO GANG MU are the embodiment of the idea of pharmacovigilance.The study induced the principle and mechanism of poisoning rescue.It first proposes the concept of combating poison with poison,and explains the detoxification effect of drugs from the angle of heartening the spleen and stomach.Secondly,the study explained the connotation of pharmacovigilance from avoiding poison and using poison,and proposed the guidance of clinical safety medicationThis study focused on the content of the vigilance of avoiding poison and using poison It combed the contents about pharmacovigilance in BEN CAO GANG MU,such as source and differentiation,origin and harvesting,processing,taboo of pregnancy,detoxification and so on.We selected the adverse reaction records contained in the book according to the definition of adverse reaction.In order to provide reference and guidance for clinical safe medication,the study had summed up some tables,such as the statistical analysis table of information of JI JIE,the content table of information of XIU ZHI,the analysis table of information of XIU ZHI,the statistical analysis table of adverse reaction records,the list of taboo drugs for pregnancy and the list of detoxification drugs.The research discovered the characteristic of the understanding of medicinal property in BEN CAO GANG MU.We believe that the core elements of drug property is SI QI,WU WEI,toxic,non-toxic and the interactions between drugs,and the meridian tropism and rising and sinking are not belong to the drug attributes,which can change in different situations.We applied data mining methods to investigate the relevance between XING WEI and poison,as well as XING WEI and the negative effect in drugs such as JIN JI FAN WU.We found that drugs with the property of XIN were closely related to toxic,the drugs which had properties of Ku and Han were easily interacts with the others,and there was no correlation between toxic or non-toxic and other negative effects such as incompatibility between drugs.This result has certain guiding significance in clinical drug compatibilityThirdly,the study explored the origins of the thought of pharmacovigilance in BEN CAO GANG MUBEN CAO GANG MU is a collection of achievements of studying traditional Chinese medicine before the Ming Dynasty.It collected one thousand kinds of literatures from Tao Hongjing to Li Shizhen period.It combined with the valuable experience and theoretical sublimation of Li Shizhen's medical practice,and it is a magnum opus.It can be seen that the thoughts of pharmacovigilance in BEN CAO GANG MU are not only from one person or one generation,and there are both the inheritance of academic thought and the development of Li Shizhen.This research had preliminarily explored the inheritance of Li Shizhen's thoughts on the past generations from three aspects of drug type,pharmacy theory and processing method.By using the method of content analysis of modern philology,we made a statistical analysis of articles of Li Shizhen,and summarized his exertion of the thoughts of pharmacovigilance.V Research ConclusionsBEN CAO GANG MU is the most representative and culminating work of herbal in Chinese medicine history.It summarizes the achievements of traditional Chinese medicine before the Ming Dynasty and is reputed as encyclopedia of China in sixteenth century.Since its birth more than 420 years,it has been praised and studied by the medical scholars of past dynasties,but the research about it is more concentrated on the understanding of the efficacies and major functions of the drugs in it.Through this study we recognize that BEN CAO GANG MU contains a wealth of thoughts of traditional Chinese medicine pharmacovigilance and has practical guiding significance for the safety of clinical medication.In this study,we used the traditional study methods of literature,content analysis and modern statistical data mining technology,and a pharmacovigilance information database was established according to the four dimensions of knowledge of poison,avoiding poison,using poison and detoxication.We studied on BEN CAO GANG MU from the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine pharmacovigilance,and summed up the ideological system of pharmacovigilance in BEN CAO GANG MU.This study opens up a new way for the research of pharmacovigilance of traditional Chinese medicine,and provides a useful reference for the safety of traditional Chinese medicine.