Systematics Of Cremastocheilini From Indo-China Sub-region With The Molecular Identification Of The Problematic Species(Coleoptera:Scarabaeidae:Cetoniinae)

Most species of Cremastocheilini are very rare,and avalible materials are insufficient for scientific research,that led the systematics of this tribe has not been comprehensively studied.The present study focus on the systematics of the tribe Cremastocheilini from the Indo-China sub-region of Oriental region(ranging from Qinling Mountains of China in the north,to the Kra isthmus of Thailand in the south,and from Ryukyu Islands in the east,to Arakan Mountains of Myanmar in the west,and the south side of Himalaya).The phylogenetic position of the genera of Indo-Chinese Cremastocheilini is conducted,and all species-group taxa in the region are revised,and few problematic species are delimited by molecular data.The principal results of present dissertation are listed as follows:(1)The phylogenetic position of the genera of Indo-Chinese Cremastocheilini was analyzed.Based on 60 external morphological characteristics of adults,and the combined sequence of mitochondrial gene COI(cox1),16 S rRNA(rrnl),and nuclear gene 28 S rRNA,the phylogenetic relationship of genera of Indo-Chinese Cremastocheilini is reconstructed using the maximal parsimony,maximum likelihood,and Bayesian inference.The results showed that the phylogenetic relationships of these genera are((((Clinterocera Motschulsky,1858 +(Priska Jákl,2018 + Platysodes Westwood,1873))+((Coenochilus Schaum,1841 + Tenuicorporeus)+ Cymophorus Kirby,1827)+ Parapilinurgus Arrow,1910 + Centrognathus Guérin-Méneville,1840)+ Campsiura Hope,1831)+ Goliathopsis Janson,1881).(2)The taxonomy of all species-group taxa of Indo-Chinese Cremastocheilini are revised.Based on the examination of all existing type specimens and nearly 1,400 additional specimens from 85 collections,10 genera and 59 species are recognized.One new genus and 11 new species are described(6 new species were published),4 new combinations are proposed,lectotypes were designated for 16 species(6 were published),neotype was designated for 1 species(published).Additionally,keys to genera and species,citation,diagnosis,examining records,distribution are provided with 29 plates,and a catalogue of Indochinese Cremastocheilini as well.(3)The problematic species are delimitated by DNA barcoding.Using distance-based and tree-based DNA barcoding approaches,based on the COI gene(cox1),species delimitation are conducted for the specimens which similar to Clinterocera scabrosa(Motschulsky,1854),and the specimens of Parapilinurgus chinensis Kraj(?)ik,2010 from Guizhou and Yunnan,China.The results showed that C.mandarina(Westwood,1873),C.obsoleta(Fairmaire,1878),C.helleri(Fairmaire,1897),and C.tuberculata Kraj(?)ik,2011 are the variation of Clinterocera scabrosa(Motschulsky,1854),and the Parapilinurgus specimens collected from Guizhou and Yunnan,China are two independent species.