| In animal taxonomy,Anatidea,bird family that includes ducks,geese,and swans and constitutes the suborder Anseres by far the larger part of the order Anseriformes including 44 genus,Anas Linnaeus which belong Chaohu duck(anas platyrhincos)and the genius cairina which belongs the Muscovy duck(cairina moschata).In this study,the differences of growth performance,slaughtering performance,meat quality,lipid metabolism and intestinal flora structure of Chaohu duck and white feather Y line Muscovy duck and the effects of rearing system on the growth performance,slaughtering performance,meat quality,lipid metabolism and intestinal flora structure of two genotypes of ducks were studied.360 healthy Chaohu ducks and 360 white feather Y Muscovy ducks,half male and half female,were selected at the age of 22 days.The two sexes of each breed were randomly divided into two treatment groups:Floor rearing system(FRS)and Net rearing system(NRS),with 3 replicates in each group,30 birds in each repetition,weighed on an empty stomach at 63 days and 84 days old to determine their production performance.Slaughter performance,meat quality,serum biochemical indexes,intestinal flora structure and relative expression of genes related to lipid metabolism in liver and chest muscle of Chaohu duck and white Muscovy duck were measured at 84 days of age.The result shows that:1)The average daily feed intake and average daily gain of Muscovy duck were significantly higher than those of Chaohu duck,and the feed gain ratio of Chaohu duck was significantly higher than that of Muscovy duck(P<0.05).The daily gain of male duck was significantly higher than that of female duck,but the feed gain ratio of male duck was significantly lower than that of female duck(P<0.05).There was a significant interaction between breed and sex on average daily gain and feed gain ratio(P<0.05).The average daily feed intake(22-84 days old)and average daily gain(22-63 and 22-84 days old)of Chaohu ducks in the NRS group were significantly higher than those in the ground group.The feed gain ratio of Chaohu ducks in the NRS group(22-84 days old)was significantly lower than that in the FRS group(P<0.05).The average daily gain and average daily feed intake of male Chaohu ducks(22-84 days old)were significantly higher than those of female Chaohu ducks,but the feed gain ratio was significantly lower than that of female Chaohu ducks.There was no significant interaction between sex and feeding methods on the growth performance of Chaohu ducks(P<0.05).The average daily gain and average daily feed intake of Muscovy ducks(22-63 and 22-84 days old)in the Net-rearing group were significantly higher than those in the Floor-rearing group(P<0.05),while the rearing system had no significant effect on the feed-gain ratio of Muscovy ducks(P>0.05);the average daily gain and average daily feed intake of male Muscovy ducks were significantly higher than that of female Muscovy ducks,while the feed-gain ratio of male Muscovy ducks was significantly lower than that of female Muscovy ducks(P<0.05).-There was significant interaction between average daily feed intake and feed-gain ratio(P<0.05).2)The percentage of breast muscle and abdominal fat of Muscovy duck was significantly higher than that of Chaohu duck(P<0.05),and the abdominal fat rate of male duck was significantly lower than that of female duck(P<0.05).Compared with the FRS,the abdominal fat rate of Chaohu duck was significantly increased on NRS,the breast muscle rate,and leg muscle rate of Chaohu duck were significantly decreased,and the abdominal fat rate of male Chaohu duck was significantly lower than that of female Chaohu duck(P<0.05).The abdominal fat rate of male Chaohu duck was significantly lower than that of female Chaohu duck(P<0.05).The eviscerated carcass rate and leg muscle rate of male Muscovy duck were significantly higher than those of female Muscovy duck,but the abdominal fat rate of male Muscovy duck was significantly lower than that of female Muscovy duck(P<0.05).There was significant interaction between rearing system and sex on breast muscle percentage of Muscovy ducks(P<0.05).3)The shear force,L*,a*,dripping loss and cooking loss of breast muscle of Muscovy duck were significantly higher than those of Chaohu duck,while b*,pH and intramuscular fat of Muscovy duck were significantly lower than those of Chaohu duck.The intramuscular fat content of male duck was significantly higher than that of female duck,but the intramuscular fat content of male duck was significantly lower than that of female duck(P<0.05),and the effect of sex and breed on intramuscular fat was significantly higher than that of female duck(P<0.05).Compared with FRS,NRS significantly decreased muscle a*and breast muscle shear force of Chaohu duck,and significantly increased muscle L*and intramuscular fat drip loss of Chaohu duck,as well as muscle b*,L*and dripping loss of Muscovy duck.The muscle shear force of female nest lake duck was significantly lower than that of male Chaohu duck,the dripping loss and L*of male Muscovy duck were significantly higher than that of female duck,and the intramuscular fat content of female Muscovy duck was significantly lower than that of female Muscovy duck(P<0.05).4)The serum levels of GLU and TG of Muscovy ducks were significantly higher than those of Chaohu ducks,while the serum levels of ALB,TC and LDL-C were significantly lower than those of Chaohu ducks.Compared with the Floor rearing system,the Net rearing system significantly decreased the serum HDL-C content of Chaohu duck and the serum HDL-C and ALB content of Muscovy duck,and significantly increased the serum TP and TG content of Chaohu duck and the serum LDL-C,TC and GLU content of Muscovy duck(P<0.05);rearing system and sex have significant interaction effect on the serum GLU content of Muscovy duck(P<0.05).The relative expression of FAS and LPL genes in liver of Muscovy duck was significantly higher than that of Chaohu duck(P<0.05);the expression of FAS and LPL genes in liver of female duck was significantly higher than that of male duck(P<0.05);the interaction effect of breed and sex on the expression of ATGL and FAS genes in liver of duck was significant(P<0.05).The expression of ATGL gene in liver and chest muscle of Chaohu duck in NRS group was significantly lower than that in Chaohu duck,while the expression of FAS and LPL gene in breast muscle and liver was significantly higher than that in Chaohu duck.The expression of ATGL gene in liver of male Chaohu duck was significantly higher than that of female Chaohu duck,but the expression of LPL gene in liver and chest muscle of male Chaohu duck was significantly lower than that of female Chaohu duck.The expression of ATGL gene in liver and chest muscle of Muscovy duck in net-rearing system group was significantly lower than that those on floor rearing system,while the expression of FAS and LPL gene in breast muscle and liver was significantly higher than that on floor rearing system.The expression of LPL gene and FAS gene in liver and breast muscle of male Muscovy duck was significantly lower than that of female Muscovy duck.The effects of rearing system and sex on the expression of LPL gene in the liver of Muscovy duck were significant(P<0.05).5)The diversity of intestinal flora of Chaohu duck was higher than that of Muscovy duck(P<0.05),NRS can improve the diversity of intestinal flora of Muscovy duck.The diversity of intestinal flora of male Chaohu duck was higher than that of female Chaohu duck(P<0.05).The diversity of intestinal flora of male Muscovy duck in FRS group was higher than that of female Muscovy duck.However;the diversity of intestinal flora of female Muscovy duck on NRS group was higher than that of male Muscovy duck(P<0.05).The proportion of Faecalibacterium,Prevotella,and Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus of Chaohu duck samples was higher than that of Muscovy duck group.The proportion of Bacteroides,Oscillospira and Ruminococcus of Muscovy Duck was higher than that of Chaohu duck group.Rearing system and sex have effects on intestinal flora structure of Chaohu duck and Muscovy duck.Main conclusions:(1)Muscovy duck growth performance is higher than Chaohu duck,male duck growth performance is better than female duck.The growth performance of Chaohu duck and Muscovy duck was improved by NRS,Rearing system and sex affects the growth performance of the 2 breed of duck.(2)Muscovy duck breast muscle rate and abdominal fat rate were significantly higher than those of Chaohu duck;NRS had negative effects on slaughter performance of Muscovy duck and Chaohu duck;gender had significant effects on slaughter performance and the effect of sex on Muscovy duck is greater than that on Chaohu Duck.(3)Except for a*,the meat quality index of Chaohu duck was better than that of Muscovy duck.NRS had negative effects on meat quality of Muscovy duck and Chaohu duck.The effect of sex on meat quality of Muscovy duck was higher than that of Chaohu duck.4)Muscovy duck’s fat synthesis ability was significantly higher than that of Chaohu duck;NRS significantly improved the fat synthesis ability of Chaohu duck and Muscovy duck;the fat synthesis ability of female duck was significantly higher than that of male duck.(5)The diversity of intestinal flora of Chaohu duck is more than that of Muscovy duck,Firmicutes and Bacteroides are dominant in cecum of ducks,rearing system had no significant effects on the intestinal micro flora of ducks. |
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