Research On Standardized Scale Breeding Of Wool And Cashmere Industry In China

The wool and cashmere industry is not only an important part of animal husbandry in China but also a major industry engaged by farmers and herdsmen in western China,and at the same time,its sustained and healthy development is not only related to the increase of the income of farmers and herdsmen but also concerns the economic development and social stability of frontier areas.The wool and cashmere industry is being in a critical period of modernization transformation,so it is faced with many problems,for example,resource and environmental constraints are tight;product supply and demand contradictions are prominent;breeding methods are extensive;production efficiency is lower;standard breeding level is lower;scale proportion is lower,etc.The key to solve the above mentioned problems is to transform the breeding mode by taking the standardization as the core and regarding the scale as the feature,so as to gradually form a new pattern of standardized scale breeding development of the wool and cashmere industry.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct an in-depth and systematic research on the economic benefits,influencing factors,operation modes and relevant supportive policies of the standardized scale breeding,so as to improve the production efficiency and increase the breeding economic benefits of farmers and the long-term and effective supply of livestock products through the transformation of breeding modes.First of all,the standard degree and large-scale degree of wool and cashmere breeding in China were qualitatively evaluated and analyzed in this thesis;Secondly.the cost benefit,single factor productivity,technical efficiency and allocative efficiency of farmers and in the standardized scale breeding mode and free-range breeding mode were measured and comparatively analyzed;Thirdly,the influencing factors of the standardized production of five links(improved varieties of livestock and poultry,breeding installation,production standardization,epidemic prevention institutionalization and feces harmlessness)were quantitatively analyzed by using the fuzzy mathematics method and the independent equations model;Thirdly,the case analysis method was adopted to conclude and summarize the implementation path,typical experience and operation characteristics of the standardized scale breeding mode,and then evaluate the relevant supporting policies for the standardized scale breeding;Finally,the measures to improve the standardized scale breeding of the cashmere goat were put forward,providing experience reference and decision basis for formulating relevant industrial policies.The major conclusions are:(1)there were differences in the standardization degree of each link of the wool and cashmere sheep,and it was relatively the highest in the three links(improved varieties of livestock and poultry,breading facilities and disease control and prevention),followed by the production management and it was the lowest in the feces harmlessness link.There was a significant development for the large-scale breeding of wool and cashmere sheep,and the small-scale free range still occupied the absolute advantage,and there was an obvious regional difference in the large-scale degree.(2)The total income,net income and cost-benefit ratio of standardized large-scale farmers were significantly higher than that of scattering raising-households,and there were significant regional differences in various input and output indicators and composition proportion;The single factor productivity of standardized large-scale farmers was significantly higher than that of scattering raising households;The technical efficiency of standardized and large-scale farmers was significantly higher than that of scattering raising households,and their allocation efficiency was significantly lower than that of scattering raising households,and there was a larger room for improving output level and reducing production cost.(3)The economic factors,technical factors,policy factors and individual family characteristics greatly influenced the standardized breeding of cashmere goat.The income proportion of goat raising and the proportion of fixed assets had significant positive impact.Seven breeding technologies,including artificial insemination.site selection and shelter design,feeding management,feed preparation,graded packaging of mechanical shearing,harmless treatment of sheep which die of illness,and feces and sewage treatment,had a significant positive impact on standardized breeding.8 policies had a significant impact on standardized breeding,and among them,7 policies(breeding ram subsidy,fertile ewe subsidy,artificial insemination subsidy,animal husbandry machinery purchase subsidy.standardized large-scale breeding rewards,no-grazing subsidy and discount loan)had a positive impact,while herbage-animal balance had a negative impact;4 factors,including education level,breeding duration,labor force,and joining cooperative organization,had a significant positive impact on standardized breeding,while age had a significant negative impact.Economy,policy,environment and personal family characteristics had a significant impact on the scale of wool and cashmere breeding in China.The breeding benefits,area of meadow,education level and the joining of cooperative organizations had a positive impact,while the policy of grazing prohibition and the breeding duration had a negative impact.(4)The operation mechanism of 7 modes including "family farms","breeding sheep farm +farmers","production base + farmers","mandatory management breeding village","large-scale farms + cooperative","forage-livestock cooperative" and "company +cooperative + farmers" was different,which was mainly reflected in the main body structure,coverage,resources supply,environmental constraints,degree of collaboration and operation effect.(5)The farmers differed in their recognition,demand,access and satisfaction of relevant supportive policies,and there were few supportive policies which are not systematic.In addition,there are a lot problems for some policies,such as small scope,low standards,insignificant effects and so on.