A Study On The Vertical Collaboration Between The Key Links Of China's Lamb Industry Chain

Under the background of structural reform of China's agricultural supply side,the sustainable and healthy development of lamb industry is becoming more and more important.Especially in the vast central and western regions,remote mountainous areas and grassland pastoral areas,the lamb industry is positioned as an important industry for rural revitalization and accurate poverty alleviation.However,the scale and organization of lamb production is not very high,and small and medium-sized farms are still the main body,and the market fluctuation has a great impact on mutton production.The close collaboration and benefit correlation between producers and leading enterprises are the key factors for the sustainable development of lamb industry.Based on the field research of farmers,cooperatives,slaughtering and processing enterprises and trading markets in eight typical regions of four provinces,first of all,combined with the current trend of slaughtering and processing enterprises,the interest distribution pattern of different vertical industry collaboration mode was analysed via comprehensive profit rate,equity index and the TVP-SV-VAR model.Then the Clog-log model and D-H model are applied to analyze the influencing factors of farmers' willingness to collaborate and farmers' participation in vertical collaboration.The case analysis method is used to analyze the collaborative will and behavior of the middlemen,cooperatives and slaughterhouses,in order to find the key factors to promote the collaboration.And the reasons for the slow development of the collaborative relationship are analyzed from the angle of interest distribution and the behavior of the farmers using Shapely Value and other methods.Then the article draws on the experience and practice of promoting the collaboration of the lamb industry in the developed countries.At last,the policy suggestions of strengthening collaboration and promoting the interests rational distribution of the lamb industry chain in our country are put forward.The main conclusion is :(1)The pattern of interest distribution in different vertical collaboration modes is different.In the market trading mode,the proportion of profit distribution in the farming region and the pastoral region(no intermediate business link)is 65.90: 9.34: 10.02: 14.74 and 71.99:14.62: 13.39 in farmer+ intermediary + enterprise + retailer industry chain of sheep products.The proportion of profit distribution is 40.46: 7.04: 1.55: 50.95 and 73.25: 12.74: 14.01 in farmer +intermediary + enterprise + restaurant and farmer + enterprise + retailer industry chain of the goat products in farming region respectively.Under the mode of company + cooperative + farmer,the proportion of profit distribution of sheep products in farming region and pastoral region is 52.43: 23.08:24.49 and 59.60: 18.12: 22.28 in farmer + enterprise + retailer industry chain,and the proportion of goat products in farm region is 27.57: 47.57: 24.86.In the company + farmer mode,the proportion of sheep products is 2.90: 51.82: 45.28 in farmer + enterprise + retailer industry chain in farming region.(2)The pattern of interest distribution in close vertical collaboration mode is more rationalized,but it is still in a state of incompatibility.Under the mode of company + cooperative + farmer,the fair coordination degree of sheep products industry chain in farming region and pastoral region is 0.85 and0.90,and the fair coordination degree of goat products industry chain is 0.75 in farming region.The fair coordination degree of sheep products industry chain under company + farmer mode is 0.60 in farming region,and the state is in the weak coordination.The mechanism of interest distribution needs to be improved.(3)There are different characteristics in the distribution of interests in different links.The transfer of benefits from breeding and slaughtering to other links has time-varying characteristics.Under the impact of positive information in the above two links,the pattern of interest distribution is favorable to its own and has less impact on other links.However,the positive information of retail links has no time-varying to other links,and have little influence on the change of interest distribution.(4)Among the factors affecting the farmers' vertical collaborative intention,the influence of the non-agricultural employment location,the perception on the risk of the feed price fluctuation and the understanding of collaborative information through television and newspapers is positive,and the influence of the breeding time,the price concern,the service provided in the breeding,the trade habits are negative.The smaller the perceived scale of the traders,the stronger the willingness to collaborate,and the more serious the perceived of pressure price,the stronger the willingness to collaborate.(5)There are differences between vertical decision making and close vertical collaboration mode choice.Among the factors affecting the choice of vertical decision,the existence of non-agricultural personnel in the family,the degree of farming scale,the reduction of investment funds,the enjoyment of technical service,the preferential policies and the promotion of relevant policies are positive.The time of lamb breeding,the attention to the price of slaughter,and the influence of no other farmers on it were negative.The effect of non-agricultural employment location,enjoying technical services,the preferential policies and the promotion of relevant policies are positive in the choice of close vertical collaboration model;the existence of non-agricultural personnel in the family,the number of sheep breeding,the borrowing funds,and the difficulty of raising funds were negative effects.(6)Other vertical collaboration links,such as middlemen,co-operatives and slaughtering enterprises are strong in cooperation with farmers,and they are in the leading side in the process of collaboration.Through collaboration,they have played a role in stabilizing the source,improving the quality of the products,and setting up the brand effect.At the same time,it has also raised the income of the farmers and achieved a win-win situation.There are also many disadvantages in the process,such as too many links,lowing the speed of farmers income,and so on.(7)The irrational distribution pattern of the existing vertical collaboration mode is the main reason for the slow development of vertical collaboration.Unsound transmission mechanism of interest sharing is its dynamic reason.Lack of funds,the limitation of the breeding scale and uncertainty about the income of the new mode are its main intrinsic reasons.Based on the above conclusions,this paper puts forward the use of various means to improve the awareness of the relevant departments and farmers on the new vertical collaboration mode,to establish and perfect the linkage mechanism between small farmers and the modern lamb industry,to strengthen the pertinence of the vertical collaboration mode policy,to guide the cultivation of powerfulslaughtering and processing enterprises and to develop the deep processing production.The policy recommendations also include focusing on effective demand cultivation and guidance,and guiding the development of vertical collaboration from the consumer side.